The Culicoides communities have been analyzed between 1993/1998 in the area influenced by the Yacyret Dam Lake (Paran River, Argentina-Paraguay). Adults of Culicoides were collected monthly by using CDC light traps exposed for 24 h in 9 sampling sites located at both margins of the river; 21 species were recorded. Highest values of species richness were recorded during 1993/1994, being Quiter...

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) represents a particular threat in developing countries because of the severity of the infection and its epidemic potential. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profiling (PP) of Sd1 isolates collected during two dysentery outbreaks (2013 and 445 cases of bloody diarrhoea) in Central...

Artisanal products are considered an alternative to industrial production; however, upon entering global commodity markets, pressures placed on the territories and customary governance of producer communities. Through lenses land system science telecouplings, this paper examines links connecting markets artisanal products, using case mezcal production in Indigenous community Oaxaca, Mexico, res...

Indigenous goats belonging to small-scale farmers in 4 communal grazing areas in South Africa were sampled for ixodid ticks during the period September 1991 to May 1993. Three of these areas were in the North West Province (Rietgat, Madinyane and Bethany), and one in Mpumalanga Province (Geluk). No tick control was practised unless requested by the owners. Seven ixodid tick species, of which th...

We investigated how legal logging history and recent illegal logging affected forest bird community structure in Ghana. Ghanaian forests belong to West Africa’s highly fragmented Upper Guinea rain forests, part of a global priority ‘‘biodiversity hotspot’’ under intense pressure from anthropogenic degradation. Between 1995 and 2010, officially-reported legal logging intensities increased up to ...

FRODEBU is a political party founded by Melchior Ndadaye and his near collaborators with the purpose of setting up democracy in Burundi, central Africa. June 1993 pluralist democratic elections were won this which was then led himself, who became first Burundi democratically elected President, killed military coup attempt on October 21, 1993, after three months only power. During electoral camp...

Nation-wide surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is undertaken by the Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Registry (ANCJDR), based at the University of Melbourne. Surveillance has been undertaken since 1993. During this period the unit has evolved and adapted to changes in surveillance practices and requirements, the emer...