Theoretical analyses of the effects of works councils show ambiguous results. Therefore an empirical investigation of the issue is inevitable. The results so far are mixed, frequently a positive effect on productivity, but a negative one on profits is found. The problem of both theoretical and empirical studies is the assumption of firm homogeneity. To close this gap, we take into account firm ...

The languages are disappearing at an alarming rate; half of 7105 plus languages spoken today may disappear by end of this century. When a language becomes extinct, communities lose their cultural identity, practices tied to a language and intellectual wealth. The rapid loss of languages motivates this study. We first introduce collective intelligence, endangered languages, and language revitali...

Collective intelligence is currently a hot topic within the Web and Geoinformatics communities. Research into ways of producing advances with collective intelligence is becoming increasingly popular. This article introduces a novel approach to collective intelligence with the use of geographic knowledge discovery to determine spatially referenced patterns and models from the Geospatial Web whic...

Web-enabled collective intelligence in design invites anyone to contribute to a design process through crowdsourcing. We use a protocol analysis method to analyse the forum data on a collective intelligence web site, studying communication among individuals who are motivated to participate in the design process. A protocol analysis allows us to compare collective intelligence in design to simil...

Despite its importance, human collective intelligence remains enigmatic. We know what features are predictive of collective intelligence in human groups, but we do not understand the specific mechanisms that lead to the emergence of this distributed information processing ability. In contrast, there is a well-developed literature of experiments that have exposed the mechanisms of collective int...

Intelligence is a fairly intuitive concept of our everyday life. As usually acknowledged in psychometrics, “intelligence is the ability measured by intelligence tests”. However, defining what exactly intelligence tests should measure is less obvious. During the last decade, computer scientists have attempted to provide a formal definition of intelligence. There seems now to be the tendency that...

Introduction The emergence of Collective Intelligence in recent years is based on the recognition that our intelligence is deeply rooted in our social interaction. In addition, ICT (Information and Communication Technology) applications are strongly enhancing the effectiveness of our social interaction in complex contexts, and can still enhance it further. Freely quoting from the main page of t...

In this paper, we examine the problem of controlling multiple behaviour-based autonomous robots. Based on observations made from the study of social insects, we propose ve simple mechanisms used to invoke group behaviour in simple sensor-based mobile robots. The proposed mechanisms allow populations of behaviour-based robots to perform tasks without centralized control or use of explicit commun...

Intelligent systems have emerged in our biosphere in different contexts and achieving different levels of complexity. The requirement of communication in a social context has been in all cases a determinant. The human brain, probably co-evolving with language, is an exceedingly successful example. Similarly, social insects complex collective decisions emerge from information exchanges between m...

One of the hallmarks of emotional intelligence is the ability to regulate emotions. While emotions can be regulated in many ways, a particularly powerful approach is cognitive reappraisal – a technique that involves reinterpreting the meaning of a thought or situation. Habitual use of this strategy is linked to many key indices of physical and emotional health, and laboratory studies show it ca...