A square grid pattern, printed in hydrophobic material on conventional membrane filters, subdivided the surface into a plurality of areas. This separated colonies from one another and prevented lateral growth, spreading, and confluence. Very high colony-packing densities were achieved (2,500/in(2); ca. 1.61 x 10(5)/cm(2)) reducing the need to dilute samples. Recovery of organisms was better tha...

A new expression plasmid containing the fla operon promoter and a staphylococcal chloramphenicol resistance gene, was constructed to help assess the role of fliG in Treponema denticola motility. Deletion of fliG resulted in a nonmotile mutant with a markedly decreased number of flagellar filaments. Wild-type fliG genes from T. denticola and from Treponema pallidum were cloned into this expressi...

Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from the spleen of a first infected mara (Dolichotis patagonum) and from a second mara's liver and adrenal gland, both in the same colony at the Africam Safari, Puebla, Mexico. Studies of H. capsulatum isolates, using nested-PCR of a 100-kDa protein coding gene (Hcp100) fragment and a two-primer RAPD-PCR method, suggest that these isolates were spreading in t...

This paper demonstrates a biologicallyand psychologicallyinspired human-like computational memory focusing on the retrieval mechanisms – Spreading Activation and Compound Cue for a companion agent’s episodic memory (EM) that helps the agent to manage it’s memory more efficiently and enable it to have a more natural interaction with the user.

Staphylococcus aureus is historically regarded as a non-motile organism. More recently it has been shown that S. aureus can passively move across agar surfaces in a process called spreading. We re-analysed spreading motility using a modified assay and focused on observing the formation of dendrites: branching structures that emerge from the central colony. We discovered that S. aureus can sprea...

Paxillin is a 68-kDa focal adhesion-associated protein that plays an important role in controlling cell spreading and migration. Phosphorylation of paxillin regulates its biological activity and thus has warranted investigation. Serine 126 and serine 130 were previously identified as two major extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent phosphorylation sites in Raf-transformed fibrobl...

flood spreading has an effective role in the soil improvement and fertility, ground water storage, revival of vegetation and prevention of fluent sands movement. one of the main problem of flood spreading projects is the entrance of sediment to the spreading systems and sedimentation in it. sediment reduces the efficiency of the flood spreading system and after awhile lose its efficiency.the ma...

cortical spreading depression (csd) are associated with dramatic failure of brain ion homeostasis, efflux of excitatory amino acids from nerve cells, increased energy metabolism and changes in cerebral blood flow. there is strong clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that csd is involved in the mechanism of migraine, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. therefore,...