In this paper, we review, first, the different noise terms involved in amplified and filtered spontaneous emission detection using the standard beating theory (or the semi-classical field expansion theory) of the noise in optical amplifiers. We derive BER calculations using the following approaches: 1) non-ideal electrical and optical filters combined with a Gaussian approximation for the resul...

We study the sensitivities of space infrared interferometers. We formulate the signal-to-noise ratios of infrared images obtained by aperture synthesis in the presence of source shot noise, background shot noise, and detector read noise. We consider the case in which n beams are combined pairwise at n(n-1)/2 detectors and the case in which all the n beams are combined at a single detector. We a...

Differences in auditory thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) levels were investigated as a function of gender, ear, frequency, and experimental condition: quiet sedentary activity, exercise, noise, and exercise and noise combined. In general, participants displayed significant elevations in auditory thresholds of approximately 6 to 13 dB following the two conditions em...

To clarify the combined effects of organic solvents and noise on hearing, the upper limit of hearing was measured in 48 male workers exposed to organic solvents and/or noise in a factory producing plastic buttons. Measuring the organic solvent concentrations in working environments and breathing zone air, and the noise level in workplaces were also done. The readings suggested that most exposur...