At the beginning of last century, international commissions inquiry were initially created by States to promote peaceful settlement disputes. After creation United Nations, International Commissions Inquiry are formed in community order investigate crisis situations arena, fully inform about cases violations within framework law and resolve issues guilt perpetrators. same time, activities inves...

War and civil strife no longer affect only the combatants. Entire societies are victimized, civil institutions are destroyed, and the social fabric severely undermined. Dealing with the aftermath of such conflict demands strategies of social transformation aimed at rebuilding the shattered political, economic, and social relationship characteristic of prolonged conflict. Recently, processes suc...

We conduct a series of field experiments to evaluate the quality of advice provided by life insurance agents in India. Agents overwhelmingly recommend unsuitable, strictly dominated products, which provide high commissions to the agent. Agents cater to the beliefs of uninformed consumers, even when those beliefs are wrong. We test whether regulation or the market can improve advice. A natural e...

When real estate agent effort is unobservable, home sellers do not prefer the lowest possible commission rate because such a rate does not induce sufficient effort from agents. As a result, the optimal commission from the seller’s perspective exhibits downward rigidity, even if there is free entry. The analysis shows that downward rigidity will occur if and only if the quasi-fixed costs of sell...

Finally, we thank staff from the state energy offices, public utilities commissions, and electric utilities who provided information for this report. Of course, any remaining errors or omissions are our own.