Food products account for a significant amount of the Iranian imports. Despite the rising prices of food products over the last two decades, their imports have been increasing too. In this study import demand of the main imported food products is empirically analyzed using Quadratic AIDS. Welfare impacts are measured using compensated variation. The results indicate that all products, except te...

One can easily obtain exact closed-form solutions for the compensating variation (and equivalent variation) in the presence of income e¤ects when the policy being evaluated can be described as a change in the state of the world and one is willing to assume the policy change does not change the individual’s epsilon draw. Alternatively, if one assumes the policy changes the epsilon draw, the expe...

within-field variation of wheat yield and spatial pattern of weed density and soil nitrogen were evaluated by geostatistical methods. samples were taken from a 90×120 m area located in a 3.8 ha wheat field. soil nitrogen content and weed density at tillering and wheat yield at maturity were measured in 1 m2 plots located at the center of 10×10 m grids. grain yield was varied between 1.5-4.9 t h...

Using computer-generated data calculated with set amounts of random error (E = 1, 5 & 10%) associated with calculated qPCR cycle number (C ) at four jth 1:10 DNA dilutions, we found that the “efficiency” (ε) associated with each population distribution of n = 10,000 measurements varied from 0.95 to 1.05 for E = 1% (ε average = 1.00 ± 0.0132; ε coefficient of variation or CV ~ 1%), 0.85 to 1.2 f...

investigation of inter-storm variability of runoff and soil loss characteristics helps experts and decision makes better understanding of hydrological response. however, this important has been less considered in the world, especially developing countries. the present study was therefore planned to evaluate the effect of different rainfall intensities and slopes on inter-storm variability of co...

In the absence of processes regulating morphogenesis and growth, phenotypic variance of a population experiencing no selective mortality should increase throughout ontogeny. To determine whether it does, we measure variance of skull shape using geometric morphometrics and examine its ontogenetic dynamics in the precocial cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) and the altricial house mouse (Mus muscu...

The appreciation of the substantial influence of biological variation (BV) on laboratory testing and interpretation of laboratory results has represented a milestone in the history of laboratory medicine. It has paved the way for a wide series of studies aimed to accurately define the components of BV, set analytical quality specifications and related goals for internal quality control and exte...

in this paper, the concept of conjectural variation (cv) is used to specify optimal generation decision for generation companies (gencos). the conjecture of genco is defined as its belief or expectation about the reaction of rivals to change of its output. using cv method, each genco has to learn and estimate strategic behaviors of other competitors from available historical market operation da...

(i) From figure 4 (Grzebyk et al., 2005), the French method (Method 1) of appraisal of the quality of the results of analysts involved in fibre counting by PCOM is, at least theoretically, quite a lot more stringent than the other two methods discussed. However, in practice in the field (table 2, Grzebyk et al., 2005), the French method is a little bit less demanding (‘selective’) than the RICE...