Analyzing systems by means of simulation is necessarily a time consuming process. This becomes even more pronounced when models of multiple systems must be compared. In general, and even more so in today’s fast-paced environment, competitive pressure does not allow for waiting on the results of a lengthy analysis. That competitive pressure also makes it more imperative that the processing perfo...

BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness increases with age, and chronic endurance exercise has been shown to attenuate increases in arterial stiffness in older individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of varying fitness levels on wave reflection in young healthy adults. METHODS A total of 32 subjects (16 competitive endurance athletes and 16 recreationally active subjects) underwent ...

In this paper, we examine the link between innovative activity on the part of firms, the competitive pressure to introduce innovations and optimal damages awards. While innovative activity brings forth valuable new products for consumers, competitive pressure in the ensuing innovation race induces firms to launch innovations too early, thereby raising the likelihood of severe product risks abov...

The kinetics of toluene hydrogenation over Ni-supported catalysts with various supports was investigated under the wide range of conditions as 130 to 210 °C reaction temperature, 2.6×10-5 to 5.9×10-5 atm partial pressure of hydrogen and 1.4×10-9 to 3.7×10-8 atm partial pressure of toluene. For more study, two kinetics models were also selected and studied to describe the kinetics of this proces...

This paper analyses market valuations of UK companies using a new data set of their R&D and IP activities (1989-1999). In contrast to previous studies, the analysis is conducted at the sectoral level, where the sectors are based on the technological classification in Pavitt (1984). The first main result is that the valuation of R&D and IP varies substantially across these sectors. To explore th...