Messenger RNA decay plays a central role in the regulation and surveillance of eukaryotic gene expression. The conserved multidomain exoribonuclease Xrn1 targets cytoplasmic RNA substrates marked by a 5' monophosphate for processive 5'-to-3' degradation by an unknown mechanism. Here, we report the crystal structure of an Xrn1-substrate complex. The single-stranded substrate is held in place by ...

Two-stage chemical deposition (TSCD) technique is used to produce ZnO, Mn2O3 and NiO films on soda-lime glass (SL-G) from an aqueous solution of zinc, manganese and nickel complex, respectively. The TSCD method enables the deposition of metal oxide thin films with a thickness which can be controlled during the preparation procedure. The ZnO, Mn2O3 and NiO thin films were polycrystalline films w...

Proteases constitute the largest enzyme family, yet their biological roles are obscured by our rudimentary understanding of their cellular substrates. There are 12 human caspases that play crucial roles in inflammation and cell differentiation and drive the terminal stages of cell death. Recent N-terminomics technologies have begun to enumerate the diverse substrates individual caspases can cle...

Complex organic substrates represent an important and relevant feedstock for producing hydrogen by Dark Fermentation (DF). Usually, external microbial inoculum originated from various natural environments is added to seed the DF reactors. However, H2 yields are significantly impacted origin storage conditions as community composition can fluctuate. This study aims determine how type time of imp...

Binding of the substrates to the anisometric enzyme causes slight changes of some mole­ cular parameters (Zipper and Durchschlag, Eur. J. Biochem., 1978). Estimations based on several plausible assumptions allow a separation of the experimentally observed effects into effects caused by the substrates or by the enzyme in the enzyme-substrate complexes or by binding of buffer molecules. The resul...

BACKGROUND Enzymes that degrade or modify polysaccharides are widespread in pro- and eukaryotes and have multiple biological roles and biotechnological applications. Recent advances in genome and secretome sequencing, together with associated bioinformatic tools, have enabled large numbers of carbohydrate-acting enzymes to be putatively identified. However, there is a paucity of methods for rap...