The past years needs for Digital Elevation Models and consequently for 3D simulations requested in various applications had led to the development of fast and accurate terrain topography measurement techniques. In this paper, we are presenting a novel framework dedicated to the automatic or semiautomatic processing of scanned maps, extracting the contour lines vectors and building a digital ele...

gully erosion is one of the most severe types of water erosion that inclusive and global model to represent its development under different environmental circumstances is difficult. moreover, having knowledge about history behaviors of a gully and its advancement requires direct annual monitoring that is not possible in iran conditions because of cost and time. gis and remote sensing with provi...

Shadowed contour lines vary line width. Illuminated contour lines additionally vary color based on an angle of illumination. Illuminated and shadowed contour lines date back to the midnineteenth century, but their effectiveness compared to conventional contour lines has not been fully examined. Currently, illuminated and shadowed contour lines are not widely used in computer-based cartography b...

The spatial relationships of contours play important roles in many areas such as extracting topographic features from contour maps, automatically identifying elevations of scanned contours, et al.. In those areas, one key issue is making computers identify the relationships of contours. The spatial relationships of contours are usually represented by contour tree. Contour tree is essentially a ...

Contour lines from topographic maps are still the most common form of elevation data for the Earth’s surface and in the case of historical landscapes, they often are the only available source of information. In this paper we present a new contour interpolation method that solves this bivariate problem by considering univariate curve interpolation along the approximate gradient directions of the...

The objective of this research was to determine if and what extent students’ learning geographic concepts can be improved through incorporation hands-on play with Play-Doh® LEGO® geospatial technologies, specifically drones. project team conducted six months biweekly, collaborative instruction at Comstock Middle School in Michigan incorporating in-class activities such as drawing mental maps, c...