We present an approach to reasoning about statistical knowledge and degrees of belief, which is based on a combination of probabilistic reasoning from conditional constraints and default reasoning from conditional knowledge bases. More precisely, we generalize the notions of Pearl's entailment in system , Lehmann's lexicographic entailment, and Geffner's conditional entailment to strict and def...

Reasoning with inaccurate information is a major topic within the fields of artificial intelligence in general and knowledge representation and reasoning in particular. This thesis deals with information that can be incomplete, uncertain, and contradictory. We employ probabilistic conditional logic as a foundation for our investigation. This framework allows for the representation of uncertain ...

Causal conditional reasoning means drawing inferences from a conditional statement that refers to causal content. It is argued that data on causal conditional reasoning not only tell us something about how people draw deductive inferences from conditionals, but also provide us with information about how they understand causal relations. In particular, three principles emerge from existing data:...

This paper addresses an uncertain reasoning based on causal knowledge given by two layered network, where nodes in one layer express possible causes and those in the other are possible results. Uncertainties of the causalities are given by Conditional Causal Possibilities, which are proposed to express uncertainties of causalities we recognize in mind. The conventional Conditional Possibilities...

For nonmonotonic reasoning, a default conditional α → β has most often been informally interpreted as a defeasible version of a classical conditional, usually the material conditional. There is however an alternative interpretation, in which a default is regarded essentially as a rule, leading from premises to conclusion. In this paper, we present a family of logics, based on this alternative i...

The importance of pragmatic aspects in conditional reasoning was assessed in the performance of 54 subjects (26 female and 28 male; mean age 17.6 years) on 48 conditional inference problems, using a 3 x 2 x 4 design, with repeated measurements. The independent variables were probability of empirical frequency in the real world, type of conditional rule, and scenario availability. Number of corr...

Children approach counterfactual questions about stories with a reasoning strategy that falls short of adults' Counterfactual Reasoning (CFR). It was dubbed "Basic Conditional Reasoning" (BCR) in Rafetseder et al. (Child Dev 81(1):376-389, 2010). In this paper we provide a characterisation of the differences between BCR and CFR using a distinction between permanent and nonpermanent features of ...