Toxoplasmosis is a rare disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Though most patients with toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic, congenital toxoplasmosis in the fetus can cause ocular involvement such as chorioretinitis and central nervous system disease including intracerebral calcification, nystagmus, hydrocephalus and microcephaly. Also, these brain lesions can cause ...

Hydrocephalus is a disorder in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collects in the brain. Possible managements for hydrocephalus contain CSF deviation through ventriculoperitoneal shunt assignment and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. An endoscopic third ventriculostomy has been in trend for the past two decades, as a tool in the field of the neurosurgery, for the management of hydrocephalus...

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical characteristics of intrauterine infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, an uncommonly recognized cause of congenital viral infection. PATIENTS Three infants born in the midwestern United States in 1994 and 1995 with clinical features and serologic studies consistent with congenital LCM virus infection and cases of congenital infection identi...

Dandy-Walker Malformation (DWM) is a rare congenital malformation of the brain. It is characterized by cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle which is communicating with an enlarged posterior fossa, cerebellar dysgenesis, high tentorial insertion and hydrocephalus. Neurocutaneous Melanosis (NCM) is a congenital neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by large or multiple melanocytic nevi and ...

The usual causes of obstruction at the foramen of Monro are neoplasm of the 3rd ventricle, ventriculitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation, subependymal gliosis and overdrainage of one lateral ventricle following a shunt operation. resulting in functional occlusion of the foramen of Monro (1-4,7-11,13).Congenital atresia of the foramen of Monro is rare (12·14). Obstructi...

Hydrocephalus, one of the most common adult and pediatric neurosurgical disorders, is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system as a result of obstruction to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Causes of hydrocephalus include congenital obstruction, hemorrhage, infection, cysts and tumors, and associated neural tube deformities (i.e., myelomeningocele, Arnold-Chiari...

INTRODUCTION Aqueductal stenosis is the commonest cause of congenital hydrocephalus. The scope of this paper is to highlight the disease burden of hydrocephalus attributed to aqueductal stenosis which still remains unknown in our setting. METHODS In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 258 records of patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus were analyzed after ethical approval from Kenyatta Nati...

Abstract Background The association between autism spectrum disorder and hydrocephalus is not well understood, despite demonstrated links cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. Based on the hypothesis that may, at least in some cases, be two manifestations of a shared congenital brain pathology, we investigated potential large Danish population-based cohort. Methods Patients controls were obtained ...

BACKGROUND Hydrocephalus is a common neurosurgical problem in Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH) contributing to 27 (24%) of the 114 neurosurgical operations done in 2003 and 2004. During the same period it was responsible for 25% of the cases seen in the neurosurgery clinic. AIM To prospectively audit and follow up hydrocephalus cases in PMGH over 2 years from January 2003 to December 2004...

Down syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause of mental retardation. Although usually presenting dysmorphic features and organ malformations, it is rarely associated with congenital hydrocephalus. The case of male neonate whose hydrocephalus was detected since the pregnancy and was discovered to have the syndrome at birth is reported. Chromosomal analysis confirmed the genetic disorder, and ...