A notion of reenement for concurrent object-oriented programs was originally presented in 3]. In this article we prove that the reenement relation associated to this notion is a congruence with respect to various standard programming language constructors, including parallel and sequential composition, conditionals, and non-deterministic internal choice. We also establish a weaker compositional...

Q is any quasivariety. A congruence relation 0 on a member A of Q is a Q-congruence if A/0 G Q. The set CouqA. of all Qcongruences is closed under arbitrary intersection and hence forms a complete lattice Cong A. Q. is relatively congruence-distributive if ConjA is distributive for every A e Q.. Relatively congruence-distributive quasivarieties occur naturally in the theory of abstract data typ...

In class, we’ve been talking about the integers, which we’ve denoted Z. We started off talking about equality in Z, but then moved on to talking about congruences, which is a weaker notion. This handout explains how “congruence modulo n” is something called an equivalence relation, and we can use it to construct a set Z/nZ that’s a “quotient” of Z. The key point is that a congruence modulo n in...

We consider reduction in the synchronous π-calculus with replication, without sums. Usual definitions of reduction in the π-calculus use a closure w.r.t. structural congruence of processes. In this paper we operationalize structural congruence by providing a reduction relation for piprocesses which also performs necessary structural conversions explicitly by rewrite rules. As we show, a subset ...

In this paper, the divisibility property of type 2 (p; q)-analogue r-Whitney numbers second kind is established. More precisely, a congruence relation modulo pq for derived.

This study aimed to examine whether budget goal commitment, psychological capital, and management accounting system were able play a role in mediating the relation between congruence managerial performance public services universities Indonesia. used quantitative survey approach; sample of consisted 82 leaders from State Islamic Universities province East Java, The data analyzed by using causal...

We continue in this article the abstract algebraic treatment of quantum sentential logics [39]. The Notions borrowed from the field of Model Theory and Abstract Algebraic Logic AAL (i.e., consequence relation, variety, logical matrix, deductive filter, reduced product, ultraproduct, ultrapower, Frege relation, Leibniz congruence, Suszko congruence, Leibniz operator) are applied to quantum logic...

BL-algebras have been invented by P. Hájek [3] in order to provide an algebraic proof of the completeness theorem of “Basic Logic” (BL, for short) arising from the continuous triangular norms, familiar in the fuzzy logic framework. The above notion is generalized to an algebraic system in which the required conditions are fulfilled (Definition 2.1). Filters in BL-algebras are also defined. A fi...

(E;L) denotes an aÆne plane, (E;L; ) an ordered plane, and denotes the congruence relation on E E. If we assume (E;L; ) as an hyperbolic plane, there exists the corresponding theorem for hyperbolic planes (cf. [3]). For both proofs we consider rst the group of motions, in particular the line re ections. For the de nition of a motion and a line re ection we need only a congruence relation (cf. [...

In this paper we study the filters in residuated algebras. We investigate the properties of the filters. We also define a congruence relation on the residuated algebras corresponding to a given filter and study its properties. We define the quotient algebra induced by this relation. We prove that this is also a residuated algebra with special properties.