Terms used in this document are defined as follows: Pediatric patients: Includes all patients who are infants, children, and adolescents less than age of 0 majority. Must or shall: Indicates an imperative need and/or duty; as essential or indispensable; mandatory. Should: Indicates the recommended manner of obtaming the standard; highly desirable. May or could: Indicates freedom or liberty to f...

Background Vomiting is a common side effect of ketamine in children's sedation and there is still controversy about the use of an anti-emetic drug along with ketamine to reduce this complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ondansetron in controlling vomiting induced by intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in chil...

The appendix is an under-appreciated source of chronic pelvic pain. Laparoscopic evaluation of the appendix is limited without intra-operative patient feedback on the presence and absence of pain. New techniques using local anaesthesia with conscious sedation have enabled us to perform operative laparoscopic surgery while the patient is awake. We report the first two cases of microlaparoscopic ...

Much interest has been focused on the use of midazolam (Versed~Roche Laboratories of Hoffman LaRoche, Nutley, NJ) for conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. The drug has been used as a preanesthetic sedative in adults and more recently in children. However, studies are lacking concerning its use in pediatric dentistry. The purpose of this paper is to review the pharmacokinetics of midazolam...

Creating a just culture Key words: just culture, TeamSTEPPS, human error, briefing, huddle. Circulating while administering moderate sedation/analgesia Key words: moderate sedation/analgesia, RN circulator. Monitoring RN leaving room during administration of moderate sedation Key words: moderate sedation/analgesia, propofol. Screening for obstructive sleep apnea before administering moderate se...

BACKGROUND Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an increasingly used mediastinal sampling technique. Many centres use conscious sedation in an ambulatory setting to optimise the flow of patients, save costs and shorten recovery time. The only EBUS-TBNA patient satisfaction study published so far used deep conscious sedation with propofol. To our knowle...

INTRODUCTION Conscious sedation has traditionally been used for laparoscopic tubal ligation. General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation may be associated with side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, cough, and dizziness, whereas sedation offers the advantage of having the patient awake and breathing spontaneously. Until now, only diagnostic laparoscopy and minor surgical procedures have be...

PURPOSE This study examined the clinical effects of nitrous oxide conscious sedation on children. METHODS Fifty-nine healthy children (ages 4 to 13, mean age=7.7 yrs.) requiring dental restorative treatment with nitrous oxide sedation were studied. The behavior and clinical effects were assessed before and 5 minutes after 50% nitrous oxide sedation. In addition, the children were instructed t...

It has been demonstrated that a processed EEG derivative may reflect the patient's level of consciousness during endoscopic sedation. However, to date a clinical benefit of EEG monitoring with respect to relevant safety parameters in routine gastrointestinal endoscopy has not been demonstrated. During long-lasting procedures (e.g. ERCP, ESD) a propofol-sparing effect has been shown, but a benef...