it is presumed by certain historians and biographers that imam husayn left mecca for iraq changing his intention of hajj or major pilgrimage into a minor one. this is the dominant view among them. studying this issue, the present article deals with the traditions relevant to the subject in hadith collections. a thorough examination of historical accounts and reliance on authentic traditions lea...

Abstract This article analyzes the creation of value in (semi-)peripheral fields, using interview (N=94) and ethnographic data creatives, models cultural intermediaries Polish Dutch fashion. Drawing on field theory center-periphery theories we show that these peripheral fields have a distinct structure— worlds —marked by dependence foreign centers for goods, standards consecration, which actors...

This article compares the design of encased stupas from 15th to 19th centuries CE in Thailand along with examples Myanmar order highlight shared custom encasement alongside differences which developed over time. Archaeological evidence stupa is plentiful, particularly Thailand, and shows variations space patronage. In both these countries, second or new donor sometimes left a gap between origin...

The Heritage Lottery funded project, What’s Your Trinity Story? documents the history of the Trinity Centre in Bristol from the 1960s to today. Trinity embodies and reflects the social and cultural changes that have taken place around it. Since its de-consecration in 1976, Trinity has passed through the hands of a number of groups and owners, whilst developing into a major music and community a...

Sucralose was developed as a low cost artificial sweetener that is nonmetabolizable in humans. Sucralose can withstand changes in pH and temperature and is not degraded by the wastewater treatment process. Since the molecule can withstand heat, acidification, and microbial degradation, it is accumulating in the environment and has been found in wastewater, estuaries, rivers, and the Gulf Stream...

Although Homer’s Iliad does not explicitly portray Achilles and Patroclus as lovers, they were characterized as such by many later authors in antiquity. A number of post-Homeric texts attempt either to redefine Achilles’ and Patroclus’ friendship as a sexual relationship, or to argue against such redefinition. Previous scholarship has tended to focus on the difficulty of adapting the Iliadic Ac...

Three years after the creation of the Pasteur Institute in Paris (1888), Albert Calmette, a French doctor in the Corps de Sante des Colonies, laid the foundations of its first overseas daughter institute in Cochin-China, a distant French colony. In fact, the Australian Pasteur Institute could also lay claim to be considered the first, as Pasteur's own nephew, Adrien Loir,' began plans for it as...

This article traces the genesis and development of a transnational, later international, sub-field children’s literature since 1945. In post-war period, was central to debates about moral improvement protection young people. A number individuals drew on legitimacy these moralizing discourses joined forces found three international cultural institutions: International Youth Library in Munich (19...

The paper ponders over the issue of memory and urban space. It shows how these categories have been discussed in literature they are connected to problem place identity. also highlights need appreciate assess physical aspect objects, which act as markers author argues that what is being memorialised conveyed meaning past lived experience. As a case point, two acts analysed paper, clearly showin...