Abiotic stress is one of the primary causes of crop losses worldwide. Plants are sessile organisms, so they have to come up with various adverse environmental conditions. The expression of several genes are up regulated and down regulated in response to stress. Micro RNAs play vital role in regulating the expression of most of the genes during stress, these are small non-coding RNA molecule of ...

The fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is worldwide in distribution and pathogenic to more than 400 plant species. This disease causes significant yield losses of various important crops including sunflower, canola, and soybean. Applying fungicides and crop rotation are currently the major methods of controlling this disease. However, fungicide chemicals are expensive, not ...

Rice yield is subjected to severe losses due to adverse effect of a number of stress factors. The most effective method of controlling reduced crop production is utilization of host resistance. Recent technological advances have led to the improvement of DNA based molecular markers closely linked to genes or QTLs in rice chromosome that bestow tolerance to various types of abiotic stresses and ...

Accordingly to the Arkansas Nematode Diagnostic Clinic 00 (Cooperative Extension Service, 00 ) the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Lindford and oliveira) (RN) is present in twelve counties in the state where most of the cotton (G. hirsutum) is cultivated. In fields infested with RN, yield losses are estimated at 340 to kg/ha (Robinson, 001). The RN is expected to become an even grea...

Farming activities practiced on many Australian soils have resulted in substantial losses of soil organic matter (SOM), nutrient loss, soil structural degradation and declines in cereal yield and quality. Field trials, consisting of a legume or fallow phase followed by three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops, were established on a degraded Ferric Luvisol (Red Earth) soil in New South Wales to ...

Modern agriculture has promoted the development of high-nitrification systems that are susceptible to major losses of nitrogen through leaching of nitrate and gaseous emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO and N2O), contributing to global warming and depletion of the ozone layer. Leakage of nitrogen from agricultural systems forces increased use of nitrogen fertilizers and causes water pollution and e...

Cover crops are essential in agricultural management and especially in organic farming for protecting the soil from erosion, competing with weeds, preventing evaporative losses and improving soil quality and fertility. The choice of cover crop species is crucial in achieving the highest level of weed suppression and soil fertility enhancement. Cover crop systems with rye or mixtures of legumes ...