In this article, perfectly matched layer (PML) for the boundary treatment and an efficient compact two dimensional finite-difference frequency-domain (2-D FDFD) method were combined to model photonic crystal fibers (PCF). For photonic crystal fibers, if we assume that the propagation constant along the propagation direction is fixed, three-dimensional hybrid guided modes can be calculated by us...

We have observed spatial confinement of laser light in micrometer-sized random media. The optical confinement is attributed to the disorder-induced scattering and interference. Our experimental data suggest that coherent amplification of the scattered light enhances the interference effect and helps the spatial confinement. Using the finite-difference time-domain method, we simulate lasing with...

in this paper, we apply the  homotopy analysis method (ham) for solving fuzzy  linear systems and present  the necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of series solution obtained via the ham. also, we present a new criterion for choosing a proper value of convergence-control parameter $hbar$ when the ham is applied to linear system of equations. comparisons are made between the ...

General properties of the light and heavy quark propagators have been investigated in the context of string tension interaction. Confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, spectral properties of the propagator are analytically studied and numerically validated. We show that the propagator is analytic in the infrared region even for massless quarks with a non zero radius of convergence. Emergence of...

The strength and ductility of concrete improve under multi-axial compressive stress due to confinement effect. Some parameters are effective for considering the confinement in concrete and various stress-strain models were developed by different researchers. Longitudinal and transverse reinforcement steels can influence on confinement in reinforced concrete members. In this paper, various stres...

If Newton's method is used to nd a solution of an equation on a Ba-nach space, and the Fr echet-derivative is singular at the solution, the convergence of Newton iterates to the solution is linear rather than quadratic. In this study we employ the inexact Newton method to restore quadratic convergence, especially in cases when Newton's or the corrected Newton's method cannot achieve this or can...