This research describes the use of a toxicity assay for the identification of metal toxicity, bioavailability and heavy metal binding capacity (HMBC) of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachates. MetPLATE, an assay specific for heavy metal toxicity, was used to determine the HMBC of MSW leachates collected from 14 sites in Florida, with a wide range of chemical and physical characteristics...

The enrichment or spiking of sewage sludge with heavy metals for experimental purposes is a fairly widely used, although sometimes controversial, technique. A study was undertaken, using a sequential fractionation scheme, to assess the degree of incorporation of Cu, Ni, and Zn into sewage sludge samples spiked with these metals and incubated for 6 mo. For all three metals, substantial proportio...

This paper aims to analyze the thermal performance of four different heat transfer fluids in a hot oil system located paraffin hydrotreatment and fractionation plant petroleum refinery. The software Petro-SIM? (KBC- -Yokogawa) was employed elaborate steady-state simulations intended compare fluid currently used (eutectic biphenyl diphenyl oxide) three proposed as substitutes: (namely n-C13 +) p...

Historically it has been shown repeatedly that single high doses of radiation do not allow a therapeutic differential between tumor and critical normal tissues but dose fractionation does. The purpose of conventional dose fractionation is to increase dose to the tumor while preserving normal tissue function. Tumors are generally irradiated with 2Gy dose per fraction delivered daily to a more or...

Copper isotopes may prove to be a useful tool for investigating bacteria-metal interactions recorded in natural waters, soils, and rocks. However, experimental data which attempt to constrain Cu isotope fractionation in biologic systems are limited and unclear. In this study, we utilized Cu isotopes (δ(65)Cu) to investigate Cu-bacteria interactions, including surface adsorption and intracellula...

Ammonium (NH4+), ammonia (NH3) and N2 are key nitrogen species in geological recycling. NH3 has also been proposed to play an important role mobilizing base metals the form of metal-ammine complexes hydrothermal fluids. The isotope fractionation factors among these aqueous gaseous phases essential parameters trace source signatures geochemical properties processes. However, for largely absent, ...