Surgical robots have the potential to provide surgeons with increased capabilities, such as removing physiologic tremor, scaling motion and increasing manual dexterity. Several surgical specialties have subsequently integrated robotic surgery into common clinical practice. Plastic and reconstructive microsurgical procedures have not yet benefitted significantly from technical developments obser...

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Patients, in particular young women, after surgical removal of the tumor have a poorer quality of life and psychological problems. Plastic surgery procedures for breast reconstruction, including autologous fat grafting, concur to reduce cosmetic and psychological problems. The maintenance of the transplanted fat is partially due to the presence ...

procedure. Ninety female patients had free flap breast reconstruction at the University of California, Irvine from January of 2004 to December of 2008. The average reimbursement was 38.3 percent of billed charges. The mean and median reimbursement was $6597 and $4962, respectively. Of these 90 patients, seven returned to the group for a cosmetic procedure, for a total of nine procedures. One of...

Female genital cosmetic surgery includes several procedures aimed at reaching better female genital appearance and/or improved sexual functioning. Among these procedures, vaginal rejuvenation is considered as one of the most controversial genital cosmetic surgical interventions and involves a range of surgical procedures performed by gynecologists or plastic surgeons to decrease the average dia...

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a specialized area of ophthalmology that deals with the management of deformities and abnormalities of the eyelids, lacrimal system and the orbit. An ophthalmoplastic surgeon is able to identify and correct abnormalities of the ocular adnexae such as ectropion, lid retraction, conjunctival scarring with severe entropion, that can cause secondary ...

OBJECTIVES : Surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is common with increasing high-quality evidence to guide surgical practice. Yet many important basic questions remain, including the optimal timing for POP surgery, the optimal preoperative evaluation of urinary tract function, and the postoperative outcome assessment. This manuscript reviews traditional surgical approaches for POP. METHODS...

In the United States, cosmetic surgical procedures on the breast, both augmentation and reduction, are becoming increasingly common. In the year 2008 alone, breast augmentation was the most commonly performed cosmetic procedure, with 307,230 cases, which signifies a 45% increase from the year 2000. Breast reduction is the fifth most common reconstructive procedure, with 88,732 cases in 2008, si...

BACKGROUND The pedicled or free temporoparietal fascial has been used in many areas, especially in head and neck reconstruction. This thin, pliable, highly vascularized flap may be also transferred as a carrier of subjacent bone or overlying skin. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to report our experience in versatile use of temporoparietal fascial flap (TPFF) and discuss the surgical anatom...

The purpose of this study was to assess the current role of robot-assisted urological surgery in the female pelvis. The recently published English literature was reviewed to evaluate this role, with special emphasis on reconstructive procedures. These included colposuspension for genuine female stress urinary incontinence, repair of female genitourinary fistulas, ureterosciatic hernias, sacroco...