For a change in prices, the common-scaling social cost-of-living index is the equal scaling of every individual’s expenditure level needed to restore the level of social welfare to its pre-change value. This index does not, in general, satisfy two standard index-number tests. The reversal test requires the index value for the reverse change to be the reciprocal of the original index. And the ci...

In an object oriented databases a class consists of a set of attributes and the values of the attributes are objects that belong to other classes that is the de nition of a class forms a class aggregation hierarchy of classes A branch of such a hierarchy is called a path There have been several index organizations proposed to support object oriented query languages including multiindex join ind...

We show that the cost of solving initial value problems for high-index differential algebraic equations is polynomial in the number of digits of accuracy requested. The algorithm analysed is built on a Taylor series method developed by Pryce for solving a general class of differential algebraic equations. The problem may be fully implicit, of arbitrarily high fixed index and contain derivatives...

L abor costs have recently come under scrutiny by policymakers, business economists, and financial market participants. The primary concern has been that tight labor markets might lead to faster compensation growth and, ultimately, to upward pressure on general inflation. The employment cost index (ECI) has received particularly close attention because many analysts consider it to be one of the...

In this paper, we describe a cost model for an adaptive cellbased index structure which aims at efficient management of immense amounts of spatio-temporal data. We first survey various methods to estimate the performance of R-tree variants. Then, we present our cost model which accurately estimates the number of disk accesses for the adaptive cell-based index structure. To show the accuracy of ...

Greenhouses have become widespread structures that create an ideal microclimate for growing crops worldwide. A greenhouse is a structure allows people to regulate climatic conditions, such as, temperature and humidity. There are many different designs of greenhouses, but generally, these buildings include large areas transparent material capture the light heat sun. They also offer protection fr...