Modern diesel fuel injection system (common rail and pump-nozzle-units) requires the reference of crank angles, engine speed and load to estimate the two parameters: crank angle at the start of fuel injection and amount of fuel to inject for a diesel engine. Measurement of engine speed of a combustion engine is carried out by sensor wheels mounted on the crankshaft. Crank angles can be estimate...

Crank-Nicolson is a popular method for solving parabolic equations because it is unconditionally stable and second order accurate. One drawback of CN is that it responds to jump discontinuities in the initial conditions with oscillations which are weakly damped and therefore may persist for a long time. We present a selection of methods to reduce the amplitude of these oscillations.

Human movements are physical processes combining the classical mechanics of the human body moving in space and the biomechanics of the muscles generating the forces acting on the body under sophisticated sensory-motor control. The characterization of the performance of human movements is a problem with important applications in clinical and sports research. One way to characterize movement perf...

This paper discusses a new methodology for the synthesis of planar four-bar linkages with rotary joints based on a desired coupler curve. This was performed by first deriving a closed-form expression relating the coupler points to the corresponding crank orientations, which in turn evaluated to zero when the desired point is reached exactly at the specified crank angle. The residual values of t...

UNLABELLED During submaximal cycling, the neuromuscular system has the freedom to select different intermuscular coordination strategies. From both a basic science and an applied perspective, it is important to understand how the central nervous system adjusts pedaling mechanics in response to changes in pedaling conditions. PURPOSE To determine the effect of changes in pedal speed (a marker ...

Implicit schemes have been extensively used in building physics to compute the solution of moisture diffusion problems in porous materials for improving stability conditions. Nevertheless, these schemes require important sub-iterations when treating nonlinear problems. To overcome this disadvantage, this paper explores the use of improved explicit schemes, such as Dufort–Frankel, Crank–Nicolson...