proposals released by the Empowered Committee, have vehemently opposed the scheme of SSI itself and have recommended withdrawal of the SSI Exemption for the manufacturers, The Hon'ble Finance Minister in his proposals has showered benevolence to the SSI sector. This Budget has extended great concessions to the SSI sector as under: ¾ Rule 4 of Cenvat Credit Rules 2004, has been amended by notifi...

one of the most important issues always facing banks and financial institutes is the issue of credit risk or the possibility of failure in the fulfillment of obligations by applicants who are receiving credit facilities. the considerable number of banks’ delayed loan payments all around the world shows the importance of this issue and the necessary consideration of this topic. accordingly, many...

This report has been prepared to qualitatively assess the amount of burnup credit (reactivity margin) provided by ISG-8 compared to that provided by the burnup credit methodology developed and currently applied in France. For the purposes of this study, the methods proposed in the DOE Topical Report have been applied to the ISG-8 framework since this methodology (or one similar to it) is likely...

BACKGROUND The demand for cosmetic surgery and services has diminished with recent fluctuations in the economy. To stay ahead, surgeons must appreciate and attend to the fiscal challenges of private practice. A key component of practice economics is knowledge of the common methods of payment. OBJECTIVE To review methods of payment in a five-surgeon group practice in central Texas, USA. METH...

We develop an agency model of financial contracting. We derive long-term debt, a line of credit, and equity as optimal securities, capturing the debt coupon and maturity; the interest rate and limits on the credit line; inside versus outside equity; dividend policy; and capital structure dynamics. The optimal debt-equity ratio is history dependent, but debt and credit line terms are independent...

Fuzzy adaptive network (FAN) is proposed to help decision makers in credit scores and to assign the amount of loan. By combining with neural networks to incorporate the learning ability, FAN provides an alternative approach for the imprecision and fuzziness of the credit rating system. A loan approval example is given and the performance of FAN is compared with the regression algorithm. The res...

This paper examines why credit constraints for domestic and exporting firms arise in a setting where banks do not observe firms’ productivities. To maintain incentive-compatibility, banks lend below the amount needed for first-best production. The longer time needed for export shipments induces a tighter credit constraint on exporters than on purely domestic firms, even in the exporters’ home m...

Consumer credit is any of the many forms of commerce under which an individual obtains goods or services on condition of a promise to pay for their value, along with a fee (the interest), at some specific future date or dates. Consumer credit can take a variety of forms: bank loans, credit cards, retailer’s card, car finance schemes, etc. In industrialized countries, this form of credit has bec...

This study aims to analyze the effect of transaction costs on selection marketing channels by Gayo Arabica coffee farmers in Central Aceh and Bener Meriah districts. uses a cost economics approach (TCE) explain choice between cooperatives collectors exporters' traders. Identification variables that affect channel Tengah districts using probit model with E-Views 7.0 software. The results show fa...

Leasing has become a very important financial instrument today. A large amount of literature discusses the determination of lease rate. In this essay, we focus on the valuations of lease contracts and credit risk. First, we introduce both discrete and continuous time models to determine the equilibrium rate of risk-fiee lease contracts. Then, by relaxing the restriction of riskless leases, a mo...