Recent work has implicated negative attitudes toward blacks in support for toughened criminal-justice measures. This suggests that the issue of crime may be implicitly “racialized,” despite a lack of overt racial content. The present study examines the hypothesis that education may weaken the relationship between negative racial perceptions and crimerelated policy attitudes. In contrast to trad...

The metaphorical use of the term ‘perfect storm’ has been applied to the conditions that led to a decrease in the level of incarceration for children in England and Wales in the 1980s. The three main factors seen as contributing to this reduction were; the prevailing economic conditions that exposed the spiralling cost of incarceration, a pragmatic political administration that became receptive...

Most criminal justice scholars agree that the past three decades have witnessed a punitive shift in criminal justice policy, public opinion, and political rhetoric. Have these political trends also left their mark on policy approaches to due process rights? The provision of counsel to indigent defendants is a signature issue in debates over due process rights. The Supreme Court expanded dramati...

Policy makers have several complementary approaches at their disposal with which to address crime and violence. Sector-specific approaches—such as criminal justice, public health, and conflict transformation/human rights—have a role to play, as do cross-sectoral approaches, such as crime prevention through environmental design and citizen security. The criminal justice approach is the most wide...

This paper examines opinions by Supreme Court justices of the most significant death penalty cases of the 1970s and 1980s [i. We seek to determine: 1) what main justifications were used by justices to support their own opinions; 2) how inconsistent over these cases were justices in issuing their opinions; and 3) what factors led to changes in opinions across time. We examine three types of inco...

Introduction........................................................................................ 80 I. The Ambitions of International Criminal Justice .......... 84 A. The Domestic Criminal Law Aims....................................... 85 B. The Historical Record Aim.................................................. 88 C. The Transitional Justice Aims.........................................

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The number of women under criminal justice supervision in the United States reached over one million in 2001. In response, contemporary corrections has begun to consider the best way to effectively respond to women offenders. Female offenders are now a significant proportion of all offenders: they comprise 17 percent of the total number of offenders under correctional supervision, or one in eve...