This paper examines the relationship between pragmatism and critical realism, first as alternative philosophies for social sciences in general, second, an illustration, study of monetary valuation. The argues that both traditions are internally diverse. Hence, relations two complex, with substantial overlaps real differences revealed encounters them. Perhaps most significant difference is pragm...

in this study, stability of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls investigated using plaxis code that is based on finite element method. the effects of axial stiffness, length and vertical space between geosynthetic layers, internal friction angle of soil wall and cohesion of foundation on deformations of wall and maximum axial force of geosynthetic have been investigated. results of ana...

Cop This paper is the first to introduce critical systems thinking into a new emerging research strand: the design of organizational space. The study revealed two things. First, critical systems thinking provides a thorough framework to understand the possibilities to connect organization and building; both in a conceptual understanding of the mutual relations andwith regard to the practical im...

In design and fabricate drive shafts with high value of fundamental natural frequency that represented high value of critical speed; using composite materials instead of typical metallic materials could provide longer length shafts with lighter weight. In this paper, multi-objective optimization (MOP) of a composite drive shaft is performed considering three conflicting objectives: fundamental ...