The ratio of live crown length to tree height (crown ratio; CR) is often used as an important predictor variable for tree level growth equations, particularly for multi-species and multi-layered stands. Also, CR indicates tree vigour and can be an important habitat variable. Measurement of CR for each tree can be time-consuming and difficult to obtain in very dense stands and for very tall tree...

The risk of developing bony dehiscence and gingival recession may lead clinicians to prefer extraction to expansion in borderline cases. The purpose of this research was to compare changes in clinical crown height that occur at the buccal aspect of the maxillary lateral teeth of adult patients in which the transverse dimension was increased with those occurring if no expansion had been performe...

One problem of individual tree detection on aerial images or on raster canopy height models is handling of tree crowns of different sizes. On laser scanner data one size attribute, height, is directly available. This gives possibilities to develop processing methods that adapt to the object size. In this study, three adaptive methods were developed and tested for individual tree detection on ca...

The relationship between scenic beauty grade and measured tree indicators was studied through evaluation of 427 photos of individual Pinus tabulaeformis trees by using the scenic beauty estimation (SBE) method. Thirteen indices to reflect trunk, crown and stem-to-canopy ratios of individual trees were evaluated by invited students. Results showed that students preferred large diameters at breas...

Digital surface models (DSMs) generated by image matching from aerial images obtained using UAV were evaluated against field reference data and compared to LiDAR data. The performance of DSMs was evaluated both visually and with quantitative tests. In quantitative tests, the ability of DSM to estimate 1) individual tree heights, 2) canopy height and 3) crown projection area were evaluated. The ...

Fire researchers and managers need accurate, reliable, and efficiently-obtained data for the development and application of crown fire behavior models. In particular, reliable estimates of critical canopy structure characteristics, including canopy bulk density, canopy height, canopy base height, and canopy fuel weight are required to accurately map fuel loading and model fire behavior over the...

Subtropical forests are important carbon sinks and have a huge potential for mitigating climate change. However, few studies have developed biomass models to give robust estimates of subtropical forest aboveground and belowground biomass. Although wood density (WD) can greatly reduce the uncertainty in aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates in tropical forest, it has never been applied in other ec...

A procedure for both vertical canopy structure analysis and 3D single tree extraction based on Lidar raw point cloud is presented in this paper. The whole study area is segmented into small study cells by a raster net. For each cell, a normalized point cloud whose point heights represent the absolute heights of the ground objects is generated from the original Lidar raw point cloud. The main tr...

common yew (taxus baccata) is one of the native and extinguishing speices at northern forests of iran that is very important as a genetic reserve and, therefore, more studies are necessary for preservation and restoration of this rare forest speices. for having high value and complete preservation of gene structure, vegetative propagation is one of the suitable in use methods in this field. thi...