The torrefaction characteristics and energy utilization of microalga Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 (C. sp. JSC4) residue under the combination of temperature and duration are studied by examining contour maps. The torrefaction temperature on the contour line of solid yield has a trend to linearly decrease with increasing duration. An index of relative energy efficiency (REE) is introduced to identify ...

most of the materials used in the industry of aero-engine components generally consist of titaniumalloys. advanced materials, because of their excellent combination of high specific strength, lightweight and general corrosion resistance. in fact, chemical wear resistance of aero-engine alloyprovides a serious challenge for cutting tool material during the machining process. the reductionin cutt...

introduction: canning is the most effective way to food preservation. starch- based foods include the major food materials such as porridges. these foods due to sensitivity to high shear rates used in rotary retorts and thus texture decomposition, usually sterilized in static retorts. broken heating behavior, can headspace and initial temperature have important role on heat transfer rate and th...

in saturated soils, heating induces thermal expansion of both grains and the pore fluid. lower thermal expansion coefficient of aggregates results in the increase of pore pressure and reduction of the effective stress besides subsequent volume changes due to the dissipation of pore pressure and heat transfer. dissipation of thermally induced pore pressure with time is a coupled thermo-hydro-mec...

energy consumption is very high in greenhouses mainly due to off-season production. the main source of its energy supply is fossil fuels. due to the disadvantages of fossil fuels consumption and preventive laws in the incoming years, study on reducing consumption and replacing a part of them with renewable energy is essential. in this research, a solar heating system, equipped with a concentrat...

Most of the materials used in the industry of aero-engine components generally consist of titanium alloys. Advanced materials, because of their excellent combination of high specific strength, light weight and general corrosion resistance. In fact, chemical wear resistance of aero-engine alloy provides a serious challenge for cutting tool material during the machining process. The reduction in ...

TEMSPOL is an open MATLAB code suitable for calculating temperature and lateral anomaly of density distributions in deep subduction zones, taking into account the olivine to spinel phase transformation in a selfconsistent manner. The code solves, by means of a finite difference scheme, the heat transfer equation including adiabatic heating, radioactive heat generation, latent heat associated wi...

In order to meet ambitious emission reduction goals in California, greenhouse gas emissions from direct combustion of fossil fuels for residential space and water heating will need to be largely eliminated. If those emission reductions come from fuel switching (natural gas to electricity) then the electricity grid needs to be prepared for the additional load. This paper presents a new method fo...

Abstract Magnetars, neutron stars thought to be with ultrastrong magnetic fields of 10 14–15 G, are observed much hotter than ordinary pulsars ∼10 12 and additional heating sources required. One possibility is by the ambipolar diffusion in stellar core. This scenario examined calculating models using relativistic thermal evolutionary code without making isothermal approximation. The results sho...