1.1 Max-flow min-cut A flow network is a directed graph D = (V,E) with two distinguished vertices s and t called the source and the sink, respectively. Moreover, each arc (u, v) ∈ E has a certain capacity c(u, v) ≥ 0 assigned to it. Let X be a proper non-empty subset of V . Let X̄ := V −X , then the pair (X, X̄) forms a partition of V , called a cut of D. The set of arcs of D going from X to X̄ is...

Let D = (V,A) be a directed graph. For U ⊆ V , δin(U) and δout(U) denote the sets of arcs entering U and leaving U , respectively. Moreover, δ(U) := δin(U) ∪ δout(U), din(U) := |δin(U)| (the indegree), dout(U) := |δout(U)| (the outdegree), and d(U) := |δ(U)| (the degree or total degree). If U = {u} is a singleton, we replace the argument {u} by u. We attach subscript D or A if useful. For B ⊆ A...

Moran, Timothy H., Susan Knipp, and Gary J. Schwartz. Gastric and duodenal features of meals mediate controls of liquid gastric emptying during fill in rhesus monkeys. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R1282–R1290, 1999.—To study the dynamics of liquid gastric emptying in rhesus monkeys under conditions that simulated gastric fill during a meal, we measured the gas...

Conventional automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is prescribed as a repetition of the same dwell time and the same fill volume delivered by the cycler during the dialysis session. Nevertheless, it is well recognized that a cycle with a short dwell time and a small fill volume favors ultrafiltration (UF), while a cycle with a long dwell time and a large fill volume favors uremic toxin removal. T...

Accurate measurement of wood volume is a very important task at each stage of woodworking process beginning with estimation of volume of cut trees and finishing with determining the volume of resulting product. In most cases, current technology of measurement is based on inexact manual procedures and gives rather rough data. To introduce a new measurement technology in woodworking industry 3D i...

Canine mammary tumours are highly heterogeneous in morphology and behaviour and successful clinical management requires robust prognostic factors. Histological grade, determined by the Nottingham nuclear pleomorphism scoring method, has been considered one of these factors. Despite the adoption of this method, it is unknown whether inter-observer agreement exists regarding the assessment of its...

This work presents a theoretical study for the distribution of nanocomposite structure plasmonic thin-film solar cells through absorber layers. It can be reduced material consumption and cost cell. Adding nanometallic fillers in layer has been improved optical, electrical characteristics efficiency traditional thin film (ITO /CdS/PbS/Al SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu) models that using sub micro layer.  Also...

ABSTRACT: Accurate and visual information of working locations is vital for efficient resource planning and location-based scheduling of earthworks, which is missing in existing linear schedules. Thus, construction managers have to depend on subjective decisions for resources allocation and progress monitoring from location aspects. This has caused uncertainties in planning and scheduling, and ...

We introduce a bounding volume hierarchy based on the Slab Cut Ball. This novel type of enclosing volume provides an attractive balance between tightness of fit, cost of overlap testing, and memory requirement. The hierarchy construction algorithm includes a new method for the construction of tight bounding volumes in worst case O(n) time, which means our tree data structure is constructed in O...

We describe a simple, sensitive, and robust method for sulfur isotope ratio (34S/32S) analysis of ppm-level organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) in the presence of percent-level H2S. The method uses a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled with a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS). The GC, equipped with a gas inlet and a valve that transfers the H2S to a thermal conductiv...