That mineral oils and their derivatives would induce squamous-cell carcinoma when painted on to the skin of mice was reported by Twort and Twort (1931), and in a series of other papers by these authors which have since been statistically analysed by Irwin and Goodman (1946). More recent work has demonstrated that both straight-run distillates (Woodhouse and Irwin, 1950) and high boiling point f...

Metalworking-fluids (MWFs) perform essential functions to metal-products manufacturing industry. MWFs also have inherent environmental and health liabilities associated to industry. These liabilities viewed as opportunity to reevaluate the functionality of MWFs and improve profitability of operations. Several problems appeared in using of MWFs including biodegradation of constituents. The objec...

Depending on the degree of chlorination of the PCBs, their physico-chemical properties, like inflammability or electric conductivity, brought about a wide field of application. Thus, PCBs have been used as electric fluids in transformers and capacitors, as pesticide extenders, adhesives, dedusting agents, cutting oils, flame retardants, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic lubricants, sealants, pain...

Solids Liquids Gases/vapours Asbestos dust Sprayed droplets Ammonia Engine exhaust particles Paints Carbon monoxide Lead dust and fume Pesticides Carbon dioxide Silica dust Power coating mix Freon’s Welding fume Liquid jetting Helium Shot blasting dust Sewage water Nitrogen Wood dust Mercury vapour Smoke Mists Solvent vapours Fungal spores Chrome acid Engine exhaust gases Bacteria Cutting fluid...