OBJECTIVE Reduced intake of sweetened caloric beverages (SCBs) is recommended to lower total energy intake. Replacing SCBs with non-caloric diet beverages does not automatically lower energy intake, however. Compensatory increases in other food or beverages reportedly negate benefits of diet beverages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate drinking water as an alternative to SCBs. RESEARC...

In this contribution we consider a seasonal consumer-resource system and focus on the evolution of consumer behavior. It is assumed that consumer and resource individuals live and interact during seasons of fixed lengths separated by winter periods. All individuals die at the end of the season and the size of the next generation is determined by the the consumer-resource interaction which took ...

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, St Mary’s Campus Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, U.K. Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations,INRA, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016 Montferriersur-Lez, 34988 Saint-Gély-du-Fesc Cedex, France School of Biological Sciences, Lyle Building, The University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UK CEREMADE, Unive...

Robin’s criterion states that the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) is true if and only if Robin’s inequality σ(n) := ∑ d|n d < en log log n is satisfied for n ≥ 5041, where γ denotes the Euler(Mascheroni) constant. We show by elementary methods that if n ≥ 37 does not satisfy Robin’s criterion it must be even and is neither squarefree nor squarefull. Using a bound of Rosser and Schoenfeld we show, moreo...

We explain how D-branes on group manifolds are stabilized against shrinking by a quantized worldvolume U(1) fluxes. Starting from the Born-Infeld action in the case of the SU(2) group manifold we derive the masses, multiplicities and spectrum of small fluctuations of these branes, and show that they agree exactly with the predictions of Conformal Field Theory, to all orders in the α expansion. ...

In this note we study the problem of simultaneous stabilization for the algebra AR(D). Invertible pairs (fj , gj), j = 1, . . . , n, in a commutative unital algebra are called simultaneously stabilizable if there exists a pair (α, β) of elements such that αfj + βgj is invertible in this algebra for j = 1, . . . , n. For n = 2, the simultaneous stabilization problem admits a positive solution fo...

It is shown that for H∞ R (D) functions f1 and f2 with inf z∈D (|f1(z)|+ |f2(z)|) ≥ δ > 0 and f1 being positive on the real zeros of f2, then there exists H∞ R (D) functions g2 and g1, g−1 1 with norm controlled by a constant depending only on δ and g1f1 + g2f2 = 1 ∀z ∈ D. These results are connected to the computation of the stable rank of the algebra H∞ R (D) and to results in Control Theory.

OBJECTIVE Little is known of the beverage intake patterns of Canadian children or of characteristics within these patterns. The objective was to determine beverage intake patterns among Canadian children and compare intakes of fourteen types of beverages, along with intakes of vitamin C and Ca, and sociodemographic factors across clusters. DESIGN Dietary information was collected using one 24...

W3C collection contains documents of different types. In our experiments we used only two document types: www and lists. Examples of www documents are drafts and final versions of official W3C documents, slides from presentations given by W3C members and so on. Documents of lists type are e-mails. We split www documents into parts, based on 1000 word long segments and considered every part as a...