These articles discuss Earth's many dynamic processes and their interactions.

The train plan of urban rail transit under multi-routing mode can be divided into three parts: train formation, train operation periods and corresponding train counts of each routing in each period. Based on the analysis of passenger’s general travel expenses and operator’s benefits, the constraints and objective functions are defined and the multiobjective optimization model for the train plan...

Time perception and inferences there from are of critical importance to many autonomous agents. But time is not perceived directly by any sensory organ. We argue that time is constructed by cognitive processes. Here we present a model for time perception that concentrates on succession and duration, and that generates these concepts and others, such as continuity, immediate present duration, an...

In this paper the electronic circuit implementation of a fuzzy neuron model with a fuzzy Gupta integrator is presented. This neuron model simulates the performance and the fuzzy response of a fast-spiking biological neuron. The fuzzy neuron response is analyzed for two classical (non-fuzzy) input signals, the results are spike trains with relative and absolute refractory period and an axonal de...

In this paper, we propose an adversarial process for abstractive text summarization, in which we simultaneously train a generative model G and a discriminative model D. In particular, we build the generator G as an agent of reinforcement learning, which takes the raw text as input and predicts the abstractive summarization. We also build a discriminator which attempts to distinguish the generat...

A Monte Carlo train over-speed derailment model for risk assessment is developed based on the derailment coefficient (wheel lateral and vertical force ratio). The model considers a one lump train negotiating on curved tracks or tangent tracks. The derailment coefficients for these two situations are calculated and the probabilities of train derailment are obtained to enhance a large scale Monte...

Efficient heavy haul operations require accurate predictions of terminal arrival times and equipment cycle times. Most analytical and parametric approaches for railway capacity evaluation and operations planning focus on predicting average train delay and not the performance of individual trains and their delay distribution. In practice, train delay varies about this average according to some d...