Diabetes results from an inadequate mass of functional β cells, due to either β cell loss caused by autoimmune destruction (type I diabetes) or β cell failure in response to insulin resistance (type II diabetes). Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate β cell mass may be key to developing new techniques that foster β cell regeneration as a cellular therapy to treat diabetes. While previous stu...

A–1 Without loss of generality, assume d1 ≤ d2 ≤ ·· · ≤ d12. If d2 i+2 < d 2 i + d 2 i+1 for some i ≤ 10, then di,di+1,di+2 are the side lengths of an acute triangle, since in this case d2 i < d 2 i+1+d 2 i+2 and d 2 i+1 < d 2 i +d 2 i+2 as well. Thus we may assume d2 i+2 ≥ d2 i + d2 i+1 for all i. But then by induction, d2 i ≥ Fid 1 for all i, where Fi is the i-th Fibonacci number (with F1 = F...

The present investigation was carried out with 20 genotypes of pea (Pisum sativum L.) at Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) SVPUAT, Meerut, U.P, during 2021-22 to identify the nature and magnitude genetic divergence among based on phenotypical traits using multivariate analysis. experiment laid down in randomized block design (RBD) three replications. has ten observations five randomly selected...

Bu çalışmada döndürücüye ait kanat sayısı, sarım açısı ve uzunluğu ile yakıt giriş çapının yanma odasındaki türbülanslı akış yapısı, verimi emisyon değerleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Referans alınan döndürücü sayısı (n), (L), (θ) çapı (D2) sırası 10, 40 mm, 45°, 19.5 mm’dir. Kanat (6,8,10,12,14), (0.5L, L, 1.5L, 2L), (30°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 120°) için (0.5 D2, 1.5 2 D2) parametrik değerler ...

We report a structure-based biological approach to identify the proton-transfer pathway in photosystem II. First, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted analyze H-bond network that may serve as Grotthuss-like proton conduit. MD show D1-Asp61, acceptor of H2O at Mn4CaO5 cluster (W1), forms an via one water molecule with D1-Glu65 but not D2-Glu312. Then, D1-Glu65, D2-Glu312, and adjac...

Long-term inhibition of D2 dopamine receptors using classic D2 dopamine receptor antagonists such as haloperidol often causes a compensatory up-regulation of the D2 dopamine receptors. We investigated whether the long-term inhibition of D2 dopamine receptors using an eukaryotic expression vector housing a cDNA sequence encoding an antisense RNA directed to the D2 dopamine receptor transcript (D...

In this report, we investigated whether the D5 dopamine receptor, given its structural and sequence homology with the D1 receptor, could interact with the D2 receptor to mediate a calcium signal similar to the G(q/11) protein-linked phospholipase C-mediated calcium signal resulting from the coactivation of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors within D1-D2 receptor heterooligomers. Fluorescent resonance...

We investigated the mechanism by which T4 regulates its activation to T3 by the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2). D2 is a short- lived (t1/2 50 min), 31-kDa endoplasmic reticulum (ER) integral membrane selenoenzyme that generates intracellular T3. Inhibition of the ubiquitin (Ub) activating enzyme, E1, or MG132, a proteasome blocker, inhibits both the basal and substrate-induced acceleratio...

Complex networks have been shown to exhibit universal properties, with one of the most consistent patterns being the scale-free degree distribution, but are there regularities obeyed by the r-hop neighborhood in real networks? We answer this question by identifying another power-law pattern that describes the relationship between the fractions of node pairs C(r) within r hops and the hop count ...

The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) is an integral membrane ER-resident selenoenzyme that activates the pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) and supplies most of the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) that is essential for brain development. D2 is inactivated by selective conjugation to ubiquitin, a process accelerated by T4 catalysis and essential for the maintenance of T3 homeostasis. A yeast two-hybrid...