IFE expectancy and the degree of invalidism have been considered a function of the type of cardiac malformation in patients with congenital heart disease. When the abnormality involves a large communication between the ventricles or great vessels, however, the pulmonary vascular bed plays an important role in governing prognosis. The following group of congenital malformations are involved in t...

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistent patency of a vessel normally present in the fetus that connects the pulmonary arterial system to the aorta. The ductus arteriosus fails to close at birth when breathing commences and placental blood circulation is removed. Closure of the ductus arteriosus arises in response to decline pulmonary vascular resistance and increased systemic vascular re...

An infant with type 3c truncus arteriosus of Collett and Edwards is reported. In this anomaly, the left pulmonary artery arisesfrom the left lateral wall of the truncus and the right pulmonary artery originatesfrom a rght-sided ductus arteriosus. Only two reports of this malformation have been described previously. Precise anatomical diagnosis is ofimportance since some of these patients may ha...

Isolation of the left common carotid or left innominate artery from the aortic arch is rare. A six week malformed infant with a right aortic arch had isolation of a left innominate artery and connection to the pulmonary artery by a left ductus arteriosus. A right ductus arteriosus had been ligated. Another infant with a right aortic arch and ostium primum atrial septal defect was shown to have ...

Truncus arteriosus communis is an uncommon congenital cardiovascular malformation characterized by a single arterial trunk that arises from the base of the heart and gives rise to the coronary, pulmonary and systemic arteries. The prognosis in truncus arteriosus is very poor without surgical correction. The median age at death without surgery ranges from 2 weeks to 3 months, with 85 % mortality...

We present our experience of using transvaginal three/four-dimensional (3D/4D) color Doppler with glass-body rendering mode and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) software to construct an image of persistent truncus arteriosus in the first trimester of pregnancy. There have been numerous reports on the antenatal diagnosis of truncus arteriosus using two-dimensional (2D) grayscale echocardi...

There are very few reports on successful management of young children with coexistence of two congenital heart defects, coarctation of aorta and patent ductus arteriosus. These lesions can be treated either simultaneously or sequentially. Herein, we present the first successful report of simultaneous balloon angioplasty and Amplatzer duct occluder device implantation in a single-sitting in an 8...

Clinical studies of a family of Saluki dogs demonstrated a spectrum of cardiac malformations, which ranged from mild thickening of a pulmonic valve leaflet to a complex condition composed of tricuspid valve insufficiency, pulmonic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, and mitral valve insufficiency. All affected dogs had patent ductus arteriosus or ductus diverticulum, which is an incomplete or a...

The risk of developing infective endocarditis in relation to a pre-existing cardiac lesion varies according to the lesion. In persistent ductus arteriosus it is approximately one in every 300 patient-years. Assuming a 70 year life a patient with persistent ductus arteriosus has a 20% risk of developing infective endocarditis. After surgical closure it is presumed that this risk declines to that...

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital disorder in heart, wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. This leads to the generation of a left-to-right shunt, leading to pulmonary hypertension. Color Doppler echocardiography is essential for the diagnosis. The identification of a diastolic flow oriented in the opposite direction in the pulmonary artery finalizes the diagnosi...