On 10 September 2001, the first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Japan was confirmed in a five-year-old dairy cow born in Hokkaido and raised in Chiba prefecture. Subsequently, BSE surveillance was enhanced. As a result, 35 additional cases were detected by the end of March 2009, with two to ten cases being detected each year up to the end of 2007. The epidemic appeared to peak...

This cross-sectional study evaluated risk factors associated with farm-level bovine leukemia virus (BLV) seropositivity in 563 dairy and 490 beef farms throughout Japan. Twenty randomly selected cattle on each farm were serologically tested, and farm epidemiologiocal information was obtained through face-to-face interviews. Due to the large number of zero-prevalence dairy and beef farms, data a...

Facial eczema (FE) is a disease of grazing ruminants causedbyingestingsporesofthefungusPithomyces chartarum. The spores contain a toxic compound, sporidesmin, which causes liver injury, sensitivity to sunlight andreduced performance in susceptible dairy cattle. The extent of production losses is summarised. Research at Ruakura has demonstrated that the resistance of animals to FE is inherited, ...

The global distribution of bluetongue virus (BTV) has been changing recently, perhaps as a result of climate change. To evaluate the risk of BTV infection and transmission in a BTV-endemic region of California, sentinel dairy cows were evaluated for BTV infection, and populations of Culicoides vectors were collected at different sites using carbon dioxide. A deterministic model was developed to...

We investigated the effect of stage of pregnancy on estimates of breeding values for milk yield and milk persistency in Gyr and Holstein dairy cattle in Brazil. Test-day milk yield records were analyzed using random regression models with or without the effect of pregnancy. Models were compared using residual variances, heritabilities, rank correlations of estimated breeding values of bul...

Page Page Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... 2 Time of Initiating Dietary Fat Supplementation on Lactation and Reproduction .................................................................................. 3 A Soyhull:Soy Lecithin:Soapstock Mixture for Early Lactation Dairy Cows ................................................

Introduction In modern dairy cattle operations, antimicrobials are administered for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Most antimicrobials are used therapeutically but some antimicrobials are used to prevent disease in healthy animals during periods of increased susceptibility. Mastitis is one of the most frequent infectious diseases in dairy cattle and accounts for most of the doses o...

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle in Burdur province located in southwest of Turkey. Blood samples were collected and tested by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 465 dairy cattle older than 2 years randomly selected from 24 dairy cattle herds. Seroprevalence of paratuberculosis was found in 6.2% at the individual...

Reproductive failure in inseminated cattle results from poor fertilization and embryo survival. Recent studies utilizing dairy and beef cattle indicate that fertilization rates are higher for nulliparous dairy and beef heifers and nonlactating beef cows than lactating beef and dairy cows and nonlactating dairy cows. Several factors affect fertilization rates, but the greatest impact was observe...

Japanese Dairy Cattle Productivity Analysis is carried out based on Bayesian Network Model (BNM). Through the experiment with 280 Japanese anestrus Holstein dairy cow, it is found that the estimation for finding out the presence of estrous cycle using BNM represents almost 55% accuracy while considering all samples. On the contrary, almost 73% accurate estimation could be achieved while using s...