The educational system of any country plays a significant role in its sustainable development and progress. However, to fulfill this function there must exist a set of guidelines and policies aimed at such development. The process of setting such a set of guidelines requires a homegrown model for development of the guidelines, and their implementation and supervision. To this end, 14 interviews...

This paper describes a study of the use of data-parallel languages such as Fortran D or High Performance Fortran (HPF) and their compilation systems for existing large scienti c applications. The central question addressed in this study is: Do such languages allow the expression of the parallelism available in the applications so that the underlying compilation systems are able to generate e ci...

The Microsoft .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) supports pre-compilation in order to help avoid the slow application start-up times and unnecessarily high memory usage often associated with virtual machine (VM) execution, However, Version 2 of the .NET Common IL (CIL) also supports generics, i.e. type parameters for data and code, in part implemented using template-expansion techniques, and th...

OBJECTIVES There were two objectives: first, to review the existing data on energy costs of specified activities in the light of the recommendations made by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) Expert Consultation of 1985. Second, to compile existing data on the energy costs of physical activities for an updated annexure o...

Adaptive Just-in-Time (JiT) compilers employ a wide range of techniques to concentrate compilation efforts in the most promising spots of the application. The goal is to balance tight compilation budgets with appropriate level of code quality. Such techniques include profiling to identify hot spots in the application, using multiple compilation strategies, and performing aggressive optimization...

With the widespread use of manufacturing philosophies such as Just-In-Time (JIT), emphasis has shifted to the simultaneous consideration of cardinal and ordinal data in supplier selection process. Traditionally, many optimization models of supplier selection assume that the average prices of related expenditures are constant. This is far beyond the real situation. In fact, suppliers usually off...