BACKGROUND This paper investigated the effect of daylight on morning and night melatonin, subjective general health using GHQ questionnaire, sleepiness and alertness on elderly who lived in nursing houses. METHODS Nineteen nursing home residents participated voluntarily. They exposed to daylight from 9 to 10 a.m. and from 4 to 5 p.m. for 6 wk. The level of melatonin in the morning and at nigh...

Across an individual's life, foraging decisions will be affected by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic drivers that act at differing timescales. This study aimed to assess how female Australian fur seals allocated foraging effort and the behavioural changes used to achieve this at three temporal scales: within a day, across a foraging trip and across the final six months of the lactation period. ...

As people increasingly work in indoor environments, the need to provide natural lighting is becoming more widely recognized. Recent modelling standards such as LM-83 require the use of climate-based metrics based on daylight coefficients, rather than illuminance-based metrics that simulate single points in time. While calculations based on daylight coefficients are fast, computation of the dayl...

In China, existing buildings comprise more than 40 billion square meters, most being of high energy consumption. A substantial reduction in electrical energy costs could be obtained through greater use of daylight. Daylight varies widely due to the movement of sun, changing seasons and diverse weather conditions. Custom static daylight assessments, simulations represent only one time of the yea...

The research presented in this paper reports an analysis of daylight in three offices with different exposures and characteristics located in Naples (Italy). The goal was to fully investigate daylight characteristics, also considering the circadian impact of daylight entering these offices, with the hope to develop guidelines to better assess daylight quality in built environments. One of the m...

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Artificial lighting can increase a energy consumption. On the other hand, the availability of daylight in occupied spaces can reduce energy consumption while positively contributing to occupant wellbeing. However, daylight entering the space through windows needs to be reconciled with heat loss during winter and heat gain during summer, which may affect thermal comfort. In this research, a gene...

The indoor visual comfort of subjects faced with indoor ambient lighting varies with the position of the subject and is not constant over time. Average performance indexes, such as the mean value of Daylight Factor and Daylight Autonomy, are commonly used to analyse lighting distribution. These indexes, however, don’t properly take into account either the spatial or the time distribution of val...