Fully decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) systems do not have a central control mechanism. Thus, different forms of control mechanisms are required to deal with selfish peers. One type of selfish behavior is the consumption of resources without providing sufficient resources. Therefore, incentive schemes encourage peers to share resources while punishing selfish peers. A well-known example of an i...

The three most important agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa), yield, plant height, and flowering time, are controlled by many quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, a newly identified QTL, DTH8 (QTL for days to heading on chromosome 8), was found to regulate these three traits in rice. Map-based cloning reveals that DTH8 encodes a putative HAP3 subunit of the CCAAT-box-binding trans...

In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling rice heading date were detected in a F2:3 population derived from a cross between an indica rice variety, Tarom Mahalli, with early heading date, and an indica variety, Khazar, with late heading date. SSR linkage map was constructed using 74 polymorphic markers and 192 F2 individuals and covered a total of 1231.50 cM of rice genome. QTL ...

The capacity to discriminate variations in day length allows plants to align flowering with the most favourable season of the year. This capacity has been altered by artificial selection when cultivated varieties became adapted to environments different from those of initial domestication. Rice flowering is promoted by short days when HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1) and EARLY HEADING DATE 1 (Ehd1) induce ...

To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling heading date and plant height, ninety nine F13 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from barley cultivars Azumamugi × Kanto Nakate Gold cross were evaluated. The field trails were conducted at randomized complete block design with two and three replications in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Significant differences and transgrassive segrega...

Genomic selection can be applied prior to phenotyping, enabling shorter breeding cycles and greater rates of genetic gain relative to phenotypic selection. Traits measured using high-throughput phenotyping based on proximal or remote sensing could be useful for improving pedigree and genomic prediction model accuracies for traits not yet possible to phenotype directly. We tested if using aerial...

Heading time is a complex trait, and natural variation in photoperiod responses is a major factor controlling time to heading, adaptation and grain yield. In barley, previous heading time studies have been mainly conducted under field conditions to measure total days to heading. We followed a novel approach and studied the natural variation of time to heading in a world-wide spring barley colle...

In vivo doubled haploid (DH) production based on crossing heterozygous germplasm with mtl inducer lines promises to transform modern rice (Oryza sativa) breeding. However, this technology is limited, as inducers and pollen acceptors have asynchronous heading dates. To address obstacle, we developed a panel of multiple-heading-date that produce for more than 35 days. We edited the MTL gene in hy...