We have mapped the [C i] P1– P0 emission at 492 GHz toward the supernova remnant Cas A. We detect [C i] emission from the periphery of the diffuse Photon Dominated Region (PDR) covering the disk of Cas A, as traced by the carbon recombination lines, as well as from the denser PDRs associated with the molecular clouds towards the south-east. [C i] emission is detected from both the Perseus and O...

Spectral vegetation indices have been the primary resources for characterizing grassland vegetation based on remotely sensed data. However, the use of spectral indices for vegetation characterization in grasslands has been challenged by the confounding effects from external factors, such as soil properties, dead materials, and shadowing of vegetation canopies. Dead materials refer to the dead c...

World Population in 2300 (United Nations 2003b), reporting on the proceedings of a December 2003 expert group meeting on long-range population projections and presenting the results of a new set of United Nations population projections,* bears out Hajnal’s argument. Among his three propositions, the validity of the second is the most obvious. There has been a veritable outpouring of demographic...

Generally, the mobile robots are researched and used in many applications. The fundamental method of navigation is localization, which includes aspects such as sensing, mapping, localization, planning and control. In order to we build the navigation system for mobile robot operating in unmodified environments, we must know the mobile robot’s position in reference frame. Typically reference fram...

This paper presents an overv degrees-of-freedom (DOF) inertial MEM ranging from gaming to dead reckoning the implementation of high-perfor measurement units (IMU) are examine challenges related to tri-axial gyroscope Benefits and tradeoffs of homogeneous m are reviewed and contrasted with advanc integrated IMUs.

Glider class autonomous underwater vehicles operate and collect water column data for long periods of time, even weeks, before the need for recovery. However, they possess only rudimentary navigation and localization capabilities. Gliders are under-actuated vehicles and prone to water currents disturbances hence their localization error increase significantly while dead-reckoning underwater. In...

This paper describes two adaptive algorithms for dead reckoning in Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS). The first algorithm is based on the control mechanism of adaptive adjustment of threshold level and the second on automatic selection of extrapolation equation. Since a fixed threshold cannot adequately handle the dynamic relationships between moving entities, a multi-level threshold sch...

The objective of this research is to review existing research done on mobile phone based dead reckoning and to integrate algorithms from various existing research together in a single algorithm incorporating step detection, orientation detection, step length calculation, which gives a good estimated location even in the absence of GPS, provided the initial GPS data is available. In this report ...