background : lack of insight in patients with bipolar i disorder has been associated with poor course and clinical outcome and compromised therapeutic compliance. therefore, it is important to evaluate insight and use more specialized scales such as mood disorder insight scale (mdis) in these patients. our objective in this study was to assess validity and reliability of persian version of mdis...

background & purpose: in the health sector, in addition to the important consequence of treatment, health system should meet the expectations regarding the desirability of services. expectations and perceptions of patients about the desirability of services play an important role in selecting hospitals, their loyalty to the organization & replanning to purchase. thus the present study has been ...

il-32 and tnf? are important cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. il-32 has not been previously studied with respect to ms. here, we report il-32 and tnf? transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ms patients and control individuals by real time pcr. a significant difference in il-32 and tnf? mrna levels of patients as compared to controls was not observed. howeve...

BACKGROUND Literature review suggests that adherence to immunosuppressive drugs may be lower in recipients of living than of deceased donor kidney grafts, possibly because of profile differences. OBJECTIVE To compare the level of immunosuppressive adherence levels between patients with deceased and living (-related; -unrelated) donor grafts in Switzerland. METHODS Using data from two simila...

Living donor liver graft can be used for the first or second liver transplantation. The timing of retransplantation also should be stratified as 2 types according to the reoperation timing. Combination of these two classifications results in 6 types of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT)-associated retransplantation. However, late retransplantation to LDLT might have not been performed in...

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common complication following kidney transplantation. OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence and risk factors of CMV infection among renal transplant recipients. METHODS In a retrospective multicenter study, 3065 renal transplant recipients from 17 transplant centers of Iran were studied between April 2008 and January 2011. Kidney transplant patien...

We propose a Medicare Demonstration Project to develop a standard acquisition charge for kidney paired donation. A new payment strategy is required because Medicare and commercial insurance companies may not directly pay living donor costs intended to lead to transplantation of a beneficiary of a different insurance provider. Until the 1970s, when organ procurement organizations were empowered ...

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a disease of increasing worldwide prevalence and is the main cause of chronic renal failure. Type 1 diabetic patients with chronic renal failure have the following therapy options: kidney transplant from a living donor, pancreas after kidney transplant, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant, or awaiting a deceased donor kidney transplant. For type 2 diabetic patients, o...

BACKGROUND Grieving individuals demonstrate attentional bias toward reminders of the deceased versus neutral stimuli. We sought to assess bias toward reminders of the deceased versus a living attachment figure and to evaluate similarities and differences in the neural correlates of deceased- and living-related attention. We also sought to identify grief process variables associated with decease...