1. Ablation Threshold 612 2. Ablation Enthalpy 613 3. Ablation Efficiency 613 C. Mechanistic Models 613 1. Steady-State Vaporization Models 614 2. Thermomechanical Models 614 D. Molecular Dynamics Simulations 615 VIII. UV and IR Ablation 615 A. Tissue Absorption Coefficients 615 B. Ablation without Stress Confinement 617 1. Temperature Rise and Thermal Diffusion 617 2. Kinetics of Tissue Decomp...

The pyrolysis of the crude glycerol from a biodiesel production plant was investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The main gaseous products are discussed, and the thermogravimetric kinetics derived. There were four distinct phases in the pyrolysis process of the crude glycerol. The presence of water and methanol in the crude glycerol and responsibl...

The performance of sulfate-reducing permeable reactive barriers (PRB) used for the treatment of acid-mine drainage is critically affected by kinetics of cellulose decomposition and substrate production, as well as by kinetics of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. When biofilm models are considered, the rate of substrate diffusion into the biofilm also affects performance. In this regard, res...

We demonstrate that the ammonia decomposition reaction catalysed by sodium amide proceeds under a different mechanism to ammonia decomposition over transition metal catalysts. Isotopic variants of ammonia and sodium amide reveal a significant kinetic isotope effect in contrast to the nickel-catalysed reaction where there is no such effect. The bulk composition of the catalyst is also shown to a...

SHAHAB is a PC- based simulator developed by Olefin Research Group (ORG), with the simultaneous simulation of the reactor, the firebox, the convection section and the transfer line exchanger in steam Cracking units. The reaction mechanism of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons is generally accepted as free-radical chain reactions. Using a rigorous kinetic model, a complete reaction network for rep...

pure and zno-doped ni0.1co0.9fe2o4 catalyst were prepared by co-precipitation method and thermal decomposition in air calcinated at 400-700°c and that treated with different amounts of zinc nitrate (0.46-2.25 w% zno). x-ray powder diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (sem) and bet analysis of nitrogen adsorption isotherms investigated the crystalline bulk structure and the surface area ...

Statistical copolymers of norbornene (NBE) with cyclopentene (CP) were prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization, employing the 1st-generation Grubbs' catalyst, in the presence or absence of triphenylphosphine, PPh₃. The reactivity ratios were estimated using the Finemann-Ross, inverted Finemann-Ross, and Kelen-Tüdos graphical methods, along with the computer program COPOINT, which eva...

We investigate spinodal decomposition kinetics of an initially nematic dispersion of rodlike viruses. Quench experiments are performed from a flow-stabilized homogeneous nematic state at a high shear rate into the two-phase isotropic-nematic coexistence region at a zero shear rate. We present experimental evidence that spinodal decomposition is driven by orientational diffusion, in accordance w...

Thermal decomposition behavior of Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and PLLA composites after different heat treatment were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. Firstly, the thermal decomposition results of neat PLLA showed that the decomposition of PLLA was a first-order kinetic reaction, and thermal decomposition kinetics indicated that the heat treatment significantly affected activation ...