OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the effectiveness and tolerability of preoxygenation with the self-inflating bag-valve-mask (BVM) and non-rebreather mask (NRM) as are used before emergency anaesthesia. DESIGN Device performance evaluation. SETTING Experimental study. PARTICIPANTS 12 male and 12 female healthy volunteers (age range 24-47) with no history of clinically significant respira...

Non-invasive methods are described for estimating local cerebral blood flows (LCBF) and partition coefficients (L lambda) during inhalation of 35% stable xenon gas (Xes) in oxygen during CT scanning. After denitrogenation by 100% oxygen breathing, 35% Xes is breathed for 7-8 minutes to minimize subanesthetic effects. Mean changes in brain Hounsfield units extrapolated to 15 minutes were 7.7 uni...

OBJECTIVES Preoxygenation prior to intubation aims to increase the duration of safe apnea by causing denitrogenation of the functional residual capacity, replacing this volume with a reservoir of oxygen. In the operating room (OR) the criterion standard for preoxygenation is an anesthetic circuit and well-fitting face mask, which provide a high fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2 ). ...

I ' To estimate the times of consciousness, collapse, and survival of animals exposed to near-vacuum environments, 126 conscious dogs were rapidly decompressed in either 1 or 0.2 second.from 35,000 feet, while breathing oxygen, to a pressure less than 2 mm. Hg absolute. Groups of 6 dogs each were exposed to this low pressure' for periods of time ranging from 5 to 180 seconds, with and without p...

This paper proposes that atherosclerosis is initiated by a signaling event that deposits calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca-HAP). This event is preceded by a loss of mechanical structure in the arterial wall. After Ca-HAP has been deposited, it is unlikely that it will be reabsorbed because the solubility product constant (Ksp) is very small, and the large stores of Ca +2 and PO4 −3 in the bones oppose...

Methyl substituents at C-C bonds influence hydrogenolysis rates and selectivities of acyclic and cyclic C2-C8 alkanes on Ir, Rh, Ru, and Pt catalysts. C-C cleavage transition states form via equilibrated dehydrogenation steps that replace several C-H bonds with C-metal bonds, desorb H atoms (H*) from saturated surfaces, and form λ H2(g) molecules. Activation enthalpies (ΔH(‡)) and entropies (ΔS...

INTRODUCTION Xenon, due to its interesting anesthetic properties, could improve the quality of anesthesia protocols in horses despite its high price. This study aimed to modify and test an anesthesia machine capable of delivering xenon to a horse. MATERIALS AND METHODS An equine anesthesia machine (Tafonius, Vetronic Services Ltd., UK) was modified by including a T-connector in the valve bloc...