BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consistent abiotic factors can affect directional selection; cyclones are abiotic phenomena with near-discrete geographic limits. The current study investigates selective pressure of cyclones on plants at the species level, testing for possible natural selection. METHODS New World Arecaceae (palms) are used as a model system, as plants with monopodial, unbranched arboresce...

Extratropical and tropical transition each represents an end of the tropical cyclone lifecycle. Extratropical transition, along with dissipation, represents the end of the tropical cyclone lifecycle. Conversely, tropical transition represents a unique beginning to the tropical cyclone life cycle. In this lecture, we aim to describe both, focusing primarily on the extratropical transition proces...

1D3D and 2D2D cyclones were tested at Amarillo, Texas, to evaluate the effect of air density on cyclone performance. Both airflow rate and cyclone inlet velocity change with the change in air density. Two sets of inlet design velocities determined by the different air densities were used for the tests: one set based on the actual airflow, and the other set based on standard airflow. Experimenta...

The overarching objective of this project is to identify impacts to tropical cyclone structure and intensity throughout the tropical cyclone lifetime. A common factor is the impact of midand upperlevel environmental conditions that affects formation and intensification of a tropical cyclone. It is hypothesized that during the formation process, the environmental interaction has maximum impact o...

Cyclone models have been used without relevant modifications for more than a century. Most of the attention has been focused on finding new methods to improve performance parameters. Recently, some studies were conducted to improve equipment performance by evaluating geometric effects on projects. In this work, the effect of cyclone geometry was studied through the creation of a symmetrical inl...

A novel method is introduced to generate climatological frequency distributions of meteorological features from gridded datasets. The method is used here to derive a climatology of extratropical cyclones from sea level pressure (SLP) fields. A simple and classical conception of cyclones is adopted where a cyclone is identified as the finite area that surrounds a local SLP minimum and is enclose...

Cyclone is an actively developed, type-safe, C-like programming language. Historically, language designers have either leaned toward safety or toward explicit memory management. Cyclone aims to provide the safety of a language like Java, while providing the control over data representation and memory management of low-level languages like C. Cyclone features a garbage-collected heap. However, g...

We present a theory of neutrino oscillations in dense medium which goes beyond the effective matter potential used description MSW effect. show how purity state is degraded by interactions with environment and neutrino--matter can be source decoherence. new oscillation formulae for neutrinos interacting leptons carry out numerical analysis exhibits deviations from propagation through Earth ultr...