introduction: depression is one of the most common psychiatric problems. the prevalence of depression in iran has been estimated about 10-35% in females and 5-9% in males. nicotine is a narcotic substance and approximately 22% of american people are dependent on it. one of the notorious outcomes of nicotine-dependency is behavioral problems. the aim of this study was to find the relationship be...

Dependency structure, as a first step towards semantics, is believed to be helpful to improve translation quality. However, previous works on dependency structure based models typically resort to insertion operations to complete translations, which make it difficult to specify ordering information in translation rules. In our model of this paper, we handle this problem by directly specifying th...

BACKGROUND We previously found a five cluster of psychological symptoms in heroin use disorder (HUD) patients: 'worthlessness-being trapped', 'somatic-symptoms', 'sensitivity-psychoticism', 'panic-anxiety', and 'violence-suicide'. We demonstrated that this aggregation is independent of the chosen treatment, of intoxication status and of the presence of psychiatric problems. METHODS 2314 Subje...

BACKGROUND Testosterone, a male reproductive hormone, affects several physiological processes, such as sperm production, energy, strength, sexual behavior, sleep and the general well being of men. Normal levels of testosterone are necessary to effect these physiological processes. The objective of this study was to study the association between testosterone levels in a sample of Ugandan men wit...

AIM To examine why the demand for substitutive voluntary health insurance in Germany is low. METHOD A comparison of the benefits and costs of statutory and voluntary health insurance in Germany, based on a review of literature published in academic journals and books as well as gray literature. RESULTS Employees in Germany with gross earnings over 40,500 Euros a year can choose to opt out o...

This study was performed to examine the relationship between the abstinence results of alcohol dependents after discharge and the level of insight at the time of discharge. 117 male Korean alcohol dependents discharged from a community-based alcohol treatment center were followed up to determine the initial months of abstinence on a successive basis (IMA), total months of abstinence during 12-m...

PURPOSE U.S. military women and dependents have few options for abortion when facing an unintended pregnancy overseas. Federal law prohibits the use of Department of Defense facilities and funds for abortion except when the woman's life is at risk, and privately funded abortions are permitted at military facilities only if a pregnancy is the result of rape or incest. The purpose of this study w...

BACKGROUND Methadone maintenance therapy is a treatment of choice for opiate addiction. Understanding opiate dependents' experiences of patients' treatment is a key to continue the treatment and can provide help to revise the standards of methadone centers and improve the quality of treatment. This study aimed to describe the essence and structure of opiate dependents' experiences with methadon...