OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether depolarization of cultured endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVECs) affects their ectonucleotidase activity through superoxide (O2-) production. METHODS AND RESULTS Depolarization by the cation channel gramicidin (100 nmol/L) or tetrabutylammonium chloride (1 mmol/L) induced O2- release from HUVECs (n=4...

The role of membrane depolarization in the histamine-induced contraction of the rabbit middle cerebral artery was examined by simultaneous measurements of membrane potential and isometric force. Histamine (1-100 microM) induced a concentration-dependent sustained contraction associated with sustained depolarization. Action potentials were observed during depolarization caused by histamine but n...

Thermal stress can induce birefringence in a laser medium, which can cause depolarization of the laser. The depolarization effect will be very severe in a high-average-power laser. Because the depolarization will make the frequency doubling efficiency decline, it should be compensated. In this paper, the thermal characteristics of two kinds of materials are analyzed in respect of temperature, t...

The ability to engineer high-fidelity gates on quantum processors in the presence of systematic errors remains primary barrier achieving advantage. Quantum optimal control methods have proven effective experimentally realizing gates, but they require exquisite calibration be performant. We apply robust trajectory optimization techniques suppress gate arising from system parameter uncertainty. p...

We develop an SU(2)-invariant approach to the depolarization of quantum systems as the effect of random unitary SU(2) transformations. From it we derive an SU(2)-invariant Markovian master equation. This is applied to several quantum states examining whether nonclassical states are more sensible to depolarization than the classical ones. Furthermore, we show that this depolarization model provi...

The aim of the work is to study effect anxiolytic fabomotizole (15 mg/kg, i.v.) on atrial depolarization in acute phase myocardial infarction using method synchronous multichannel cardioelectrochronotopography. Synchronous cardioelectrochronotopography was used sequence epicardium outbred rats during caused by ligation anterior branch left coronary artery with simultaneous administration σ1-rec...

Protein kinase C (PKC) activation in human eosinophils increases NADPH oxidase activity, which is associated with plasma membrane depolarization. In this study, membrane potential measurements of eosinophils stimulated with phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PMA) were made using a cell-permeable oxonol membrane potential indicator, diBAC4(3). Within 10 minutes after PMA stimulation...

Introduction: A close link between spreading depression (SD) and several neurological diseases such as epilepsy could be demonstrated in many experimental studies. Epilepsy is among the most common brain disorders. Despite a large number of investigations, its mechanisms have not been yet well elucidated. Hippocampus is one of the important structures involved in seizures. The aim of this st...

In vitro studies indicated that hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have an increased toxic potential compared to their parent congeners. An example is the OH-PBDE-induced increase of basal intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) by release of Ca(2+) from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria and/or influx of extracellular Ca(2+). ER and mitochondria regulate C...

Depolarization of leech neurons growing on extracellular matrix extract (ECM) leads to cessation of neurite outgrowth, rounding up of the peripheral regions of the growth cone, loss of filopodia, and neurite retraction. These responses depend on the influx of calcium (Neely, 1993). The aim of the present experiments was to analyze how the cytoskeleton becomes reorganized as growth cones change ...