Unlike all other primates, the digastric muscle of the orangutan lacks an anterior belly; the posterior belly, while present, inserts directly onto the mandible. To understand the functional consequences of this morphologic novelty, the EMG activity patterns of the digastric muscle and other potential mandibular depressors were studied in a gibbon and an orangutan. The results suggest a signifi...

Drosophila melanogaster neural-specific protein, ELAV, has been shown to regulate the neural-specific splicing of three genes: neuroglian (nrg), erect wing, and armadillo. Alternative splicing of the nrg transcript involves alternative inclusion of a 3'-terminal exon. Here, using a minigene reporter, we show that the nrg alternatively spliced intron (nASI) has all the determinants required to r...

Objective. The cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) is routinely imaged in the fetal brain during obstetric sonography; in fact, for well over a decade, assessment of the CSP has been considered part of the required elements of a standard examination of fetal morphology in guidelines developed by multiple specialty societies. Our objective is to present the 4 reasons why all practicing sonologists and s...

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not yet been established systematically to detect structural muscular changes after facial nerve lesion. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate quantitative assessment of MRI muscle volume data for facial muscles. METHODS Ten healthy subjects and 5 patients with facial palsy were recruited. Using manual or semiautomatic segmentation ...

The baby weighed 2.2 kg and was tachypneic. There was depressor anguli oris muscle deficiency on the left side (Fig. 1) and polydactyly in both the lower limbs. The cardiovascular system examination showed mild cardiomegaly, normal heart sounds and an ejection systolic murmur of Grade III intensity over the left lower sternal border. The liver was palpable 4 cm below the right costal margin in ...

The widespread distribution of fruiting myxobacteria in the soil is fairly well known; however, there have never been reports on these bacteria isolated from the sand of an ocean beach. To establish the presence of myxobacteria in this possible habitat, samples of sand from the high tide marks of four South Carolina beaches were collected (see Table 1). One of the samples, 11, differed from the...

Summary The sex organs are important for nematode systematics, but the associated muscles rarely used as phylogenetic characters. This research aimed to study musculature of Panagrolaimus detritophagus , using confocal microscopy. ring-shaped anal sphincter is pierced by a biconical X-structure and connected two pairs processes subventral stomato-intestinal dorsal body wall. female has vaginal ...

The rapid and simultaneous depression of the trochantera about the coxae of both hind legs of leafhoppers are the key joint movements powering a jump. The present study analyses the structure of these joints and the actions of the muscles that move them. The hind coxae are huge and are linked to each other at the midline by a protrusion from one coxa that inserts in a socket of the other and ac...

A 30-year-old woman with a normal first trimester Down syndrome screening attended our ultrasound unit for a 20-week scan. The most remarkable anomalies were the presence of a right aortic arch along with a dilated cavum septi pellucidi. In addition, the scan showed an atrioventricular canal and bilateral choroid plexus cysts. Fetal karyotype showed the existence of trisomy 21. A novel associat...

Temperature has a strong influence on biological rates, including the contractile rate properties of muscle and thereby the velocity, acceleration and power of muscle-powered movements. We hypothesized that the dynamics of movements powered by elastic recoil have a lower thermal dependence than muscle-powered movements. We examined the prey capture behavior of toads (Bufo terrestris) using high...