BACKGROUND AND AIMS For heterophyllous amphibious plants that experience fluctuating water levels, it is critical to control leaf development precisely in response to environmental cues that can serve as a quantitative index of water depth. Light quality can serve as such a cue because the ratio of red light relative to far-red light (R/FR) increases and blue-light intensity decreases with incr...

Abstract A split-by-edges tree of a graph G is a binary tree T where the root = V(G), every leaf is an independent set in G, and for every other node N in T with children L and R there is an edge uv in G such that u and v are in N, L = N – v and R = N – u. Every maximum independent set in G is in the same layer M, which is guarantied to be found in a layer by layer search of T. Every depth-firs...

cold is one of the most important abiotic stresses in some regions of iran. to investigate of some tolerance related traits to cold condition, 22 bread wheat genotypes planted in ardabil region in 1980. after plants passed winter cold condition (135 freezing days), cell membrane stability, chlorophyll content of leaf and crown depth and grain yield of genotypes were measured. anova analysis sho...

Frontal sinus fractures are of surgical importance because of the microbial flora covering the frontal air sinus and it's proximity with the duramater and brain. There is an increased risk of meningitis when fracture of the posterior wall of the frontal sinus is associated with a dural tear. In this condition, communication occurs between the contaminated space of the air sinus and the intr...

Ipomoea (morning glory) is the largest genus in the family Convolvulaceae. Cultivation of morning glory plants began in the late Edo period in Japan, and this horticultural success resulted in thousands of plants with varying floral displays. In addition to the different flower morphologies, leaf shape is highly variable within this family making it an ideal group in which to study leaf develop...

We present an improvement to Harvey and Ginsberg’s limited discrepancy search algorithm, which eliminates much of the redundancy in the original, by generating each path from the root to the maximum search depth only once. For a complete binary tree of depth d, this reduces the asymptotic complexity from O(y2”) to O(2”). Th e savings is much less in a partial tree search, or in a heavily pruned...

reports which describe sick sinus syndrome due to malignant lymphoma have been rare and only eight cases have been reported until now. this is a case of sick sinus syndrome and superior vena cava syndrome secondary to invasion of occult malignant lymphoma of the lung in a 60 years old male. there were no symptoms or signs of malignancy before the first presentation with sick sinus syndrome. pat...

bicuspid aortic valve is traditionally considered an innocuous congenital anomaly. due to a better and widespread availability of non-invasive imaging techniques, it has come to the fore that 30% of these cases develop complications, viz., valve abnormality (aortic regurgitation and stenosis), and aneurysm of aortic root and ascending aorta. sinus of valsalva aneurysm is an uncommon complicatio...

a ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm rarely accompanies the aortic and tricuspid valve endocarditis. a 36-year-old woman presented with low-threshold dyspnea on exertion and fever. transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed a ruptured noncoronary sinus of valsalva aneurysm with large vegetations on the tricuspid and aortic valves, resulting in moderately severe tricuspid regurgi...

Patients with a paranasal disorder often manifest voice change. Yet, computer simulation of these nasal sounds is difficult using a nasal tract model without any branching cavity. In other words, acoustic property of the nasal tract is influenced by a coupling with the paranasal sinuses. If the transfer function of the sinus acts as a Helmholtz resonator, the resonance frequency, or "zero" poin...