We consider the problem of trajectory-based road pricing with the objective of reducing congestion on a road network. It is well-known that traffic conditions resulting from typical non-cooperative behavior of selfish drivers do not minimize total travel time spent on the road network. In the context of real-time GPS data collection from all vehicles, drivers can be charged differently based on...

Road building can lead to significant deleterious impacts on biodiversity, varying from direct road-kill mortality and direct habitat loss associated with road construction, to more subtle indirect impacts from edge effects and fragmentation. However, little work has been done to evaluate the specific effects of road networks and biodiversity loss beyond the more generalized effects of habitat ...

A forest patterns map over a large extent at a high spatial resolution is a heavily computation task but is critical to most regions. There are two major difficulties in generating the classification maps at regional scale: large training point sets and expensive computation cost in classifier modelling. As one of the most well-known Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) initiatives, Openstr...

In this paper, in order to describe complex network systems, we firstly propose a general modeling framework by combining a dynamic graph with hybrid automata and thus name it Dynamic Graph Hybrid Automata (DGHA). Then we apply this framework to model traffic flow over an urban freeway network by embedding the Cell Transmission Model (CTM) into the DGHA. With a modeling procedure, we adopt a du...

in this research, both resource allocation and reactive resource allocation problems in multi-server dynamic pert networks are analytically modeled, where new projects are expected to arrive according to a poisson process, and activity durations are also known as independent random variables with exponential distributions. such system is represented as a queuing network, where multi servers at ...

road construction is one of the effective factors for ecological changes which affects diversity and species composition in forest roads edges. this research was performed in kheirud forest to evaluate herbaceous diversity and tree regeneration establishment in different distances from road edge. for this purpose, we sampled herbaceous and tree species regeneration in 0,5,10,25, 50 and 100 m di...