introduction quality of urban life is known as one of the major elements of urban development. thus, evaluation urban environmental quality has much importance in the planning of urban development. cities are complex ecosystems affected by social, economic, environmental, and cultural factors. inefficient urban planning and management and lack of coherent environmental policies have led to many...

A longer life span, which entails a dynamic increase in the numbers of seniors, poses wide range global challenges, among others for engineers and architects. The said challenges include, others, well-organised medical care system, proper legislation social education. respective planning process should also recognise important role well-designed environment. This paper is intended to analyse cu...

The restoration of Worn-out Urban Fabrics (WoUFs), i.e., the disfiguration fabric components city from their main shape, and implementation urban housing development plan have always been pivotal activities for designing livable cities – especially in developing countries. Prior research, however, did not identify an appropriate model sustainable recovery WoUFs. To fill this gap, patterns suppo...

just like any other economic field, housing market has two basic foundations which are demand and supply. its obvious that disequilibrum between these foundations, will drasticaly affect the housing affordability and can also lead to wide slump in many markets. that’s why, policy makers usually intend to stimulat the supply by means of providing low intrest loans, low priced land, etc. in this ...

M any scientists are aware of the subtle influences on their own scientific conduct, but many others are not. Sydney Brenner, the joint winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine, delightfully described a slide in which data points were scattered very close to a straight line— but a large mysterious black object lay in one corner. By degrees, the onlooker realizes that the object...

Radiotherapy applies ionizing irradiation to selected areas of the body with the scope of destroying cancer cells, either as part of curative therapies to remove a primary malignant tumor and to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery, or as part of palliative measures to avoid local advancement of bone and brain metastases. Intriguingly, radiotherapy does not only have local effects but may lea...