To investigate the pattern of expression of the three calmodulin (CaM) genes by in situ hybridization, gene-specific [35S]-cRNA probes complementary to the multiple CaM mRNAs were hybridized in rat brain sections and subsequently detected by quantitative film or high-resolution nuclear emulsion autoradiography. A widespread and differential area-specific distribution of the CaM mRNAs was detect...

In an attempt to improve on our earlier W3 theory [A. D. Boese et al., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 4129 (2004)] we consider such refinements as more accurate estimates for the contribution of connected quadruple excitations (T4), inclusion of connected quintuple excitations (T5), diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections (DBOC), and improved basis set extrapolation procedures. Revised experimental data for...

This paper focuses on exploring the sparsity of the inverse covariance matrix Σ −1 , or the precision matrix. We form blocks of parameters based on each off-diagonal band of the Cholesky factor from its modified Cholesky decomposition, and penalize each block of parameters using the L 2-norm instead of individual elements. We develop a one-step estimator, and prove an oracle property which cons...

The evidence that amnesia in humans is caused by lesions of the medial temporal lobes is very strong, but there is considerably less evidence that basal forebrain lesions can also cause amnesia. Although there is a large body of animal data indicating that basal forebrain structures play a part in memory, the human evidence is limited to a few case studies. One feature of the patients reported ...

Although the amygdala complex has long been known to exert a profound influence on cardiovascular activity, the neuronal and connectional substrate mediating these influences remains unclear. This paper describes a direct amygdaloid projection to medullary sensory and motor structures involved in cardiovascular regulation, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus (DV...

Alterations in neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis are important determinants of age-related cognitive impairment. We examined the Ca(2+) influx, buffering, and electrophysiology of basal forebrain neurons in adult, middle-aged, and aged male F344 behaviorally assessed rats. Middle-aged and aged rats were characterized as cognitively impaired or unimpaired by water maze performance relative to young co...

Studies using selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons suggest that these neurons play a role in attentional processing, but not learning and memory. However, the tests of learning and memory used thus far have been restricted largely to spatial tasks. In the present study, we examined whether the cholinergic basal forebrain plays a role in a form of nonspatial associative memor...

Distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the septum of the telencephalon in man was studied in 15 human brains using the acetylthiocholine method. Highest activity of AChE was found in the nucleus of the diagonal band and nucleus accumbens, and lowest in the Lateral nucleus. Comparison of histochemical results with cellular structure and wi.th the course of fibers showed absence ...