The general approach for describing and designing complex hierarchical icosahedral structures is discussed. Structural models of icosahedral carbon nanoparticles in which the local arrangement of atoms is virtually identical to that in diamond are derived. It is shown that icosahedral diamond-like particles can be transformed into onion-like shell structures (and vice versa) by the consecutive ...

We report on the design, operation and data analysis methods employed on the Imaging Spectrometer Instrument as part of the Mars Analog Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE). The Imaging Spectrometer is a hyperspectral scanning pushbroom device sensitive to wavelengths from 400-1000nm. During the MARTE project, the spectrometer was deployed to the Rio Tínto region of Spain. We analyzed sub...

Fluorescent microspheres were applied in a novel fashion during subsurface drilling of permafrost and ground ice in the Canadian High Arctic to monitor the exogenous microbiological contamination of core samples obtained during the drilling process. Prior to each drill run, a concentrated fluorescent microsphere (0.5-microm diameter) solution was applied to the interior surfaces of the drill bi...

OBJECTIVE Microleakage can be responsible for tooth hypersensitivity, secondary caries, and the possibility of pathological pulp alterations in restored teeth. Recently, alternative methods for tooth preparation such as laser irradiation have been studied; but there are limited studies on primary teeth. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the degree of microleakage of composite restor...

In 1998, paraffin tissue microarrays (PTMAs) as paraffin blocks containing up to 1,000 cylindrical paraffin tissue core biopsy specimens (PTCBs) for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens were introduced. PTCBs can be constructed using a manual tissue puncher/arrayer (Beecher Instruments, Sun Prairie, WI; cost, at least $7,000). Furthermore, custom-built PTMAs such as the MaxArr...

The hard rock stratum will seriously affect the efficiency of deep-sea drilling and greatly increase cost operations due to its complexity. In ocean operations, design bit is critical. Therefore, core should be able drill in a variety formations, especially stratum, with function reducing need change formation changes improving efficiency. this paper, three different bits were designed accordin...

Recent advances in the fabrication and characterization of semiconductor and metallic nanowires are meeting the high expectations of nanotechnolgists. Although diamond has remarkable electronic and chemical properties, development of diamond nanowires has been slow, while the development of carbon nanotube-based technologies continues at a furious pace. Recently, the theoretical and experimenta...

In the effort to explore the subsurface of terrestrial bodies, we seek to obtain better samples from ever greater depths. Many organisations are working towards technologies that can achieve this goal whilst ensuring compatibility with the likely requirements of planetary landers in terms of mass, power, and dimensions. The Ultrasonic Planetary Core Drill (UPCD) was an FP7 funded project which ...