We have observed that, in zero magnetic field, a dc bias across a lateral confmed quantum dot (QD) splits each resonant peak in the differential conductance versus the gate voltage measurement into two. The splitting is nearly linear with the applied bias V, . Temperature-dependence study indicates that the corresponding energy separation between the two splitting peaks is close to eV, . A mode...

This paper presents the application of differential evolution algorithm to obtain optimal switching angles for a single-phase seven-level to improve AC voltage quality. The proposed inverter in this article is composed of two H-bridge cells with non-equal DC voltage sources in order to generate multiple voltage levels. Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHPWM) strategy is us...

Introduction:  Electroporation  is  a  technique  for  increasing  the  permeability  of  the  cell  membrane  to  otherwise  non-permeate  molecules  due  to  an  external  electric  field.  This  permeability  enhancement  is  detectable if the induced transmembrane voltage becomes greater than a critical value which depends on the  pulse  strength  threshold.  In  this  study,  the  variabil...

The guanidinium toxin-induced inhibition of the current through voltage-dependent sodium channels was examined for batrachotoxin-modified channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayers that carry no net charge. To ascertain whether a net negative charge exists in the vicinity of the toxin-binding site, we studied the channel closures induced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) over a wi...

We report measurements of the resistance and the current-voltage characteristics of aluminum thin films which have two regions of different superconducting transition temperatures. Local suppression of the transition temperature is achieved by the use of a CF4 reactive ion-etching technique. A small gradient in the transition temperature is induced around the lithographically defined etched-une...

The effect of extracellularly applied electrical fields on neuronal excitability and firing behavior is attributed to the interaction between neuronal morphology and the spatial distribution and level of differential polarization induced by the applied field in different elements of the neuron. The presence of voltage-gated ion channels that mediate persistent inward currents (PICs) on the dend...

In this paper we introduce derivations in Krasner hyperrings and derive some basic properties of derivations. We also prove that for a strongly differential hyperring $R$ and for any strongly differential hyperideal $I$ of $R,$ the factor hyperring $R/I$ is a strongly differential hyperring. Further we prove that a map $d: R rightarrow R$ is a derivation of a hyperring $R$ if and only if the in...

activation of D1 receptors potentiated glutamate responses, in particular those mediated by NMDA receptors, whereas activation of D2 receptors attenuated glutamate responses, in particular those mediated by AMPA receptors [2] . At the time, the prevailing wisdom was that DA acted as an inhibitory neurotransmitter to depress spontaneous or glutamate-induced firing, although there was evidence fo...