We construct the algebra of integro-differential operators over an ordinary integro-differential algebra directly in terms of normal forms. In the case of polynomial coefficients, we use skew polynomials for defining the integro-differential Weyl algebra as a natural extension of the classical Weyl algebra in one variable. Its normal forms, algebraic properties and its relation to the localizat...

In this paper‎, ‎a modern method is presented to solve a class of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) indirectly‎. ‎First‎, ‎the necessary optimality conditions for the FOCP are obtained in the form of two fractional differential equations (FDEs)‎. ‎Then‎, ‎the unknown functions are approximated by the hybrid functions‎, ‎including Bernoulli polynomials and Block-pulse functions based o...